question

Typical middle schools comprise grades

answer

c. 6th to 8th

question

Middle school represents a challenge for adolescents because

answer

b. rather than spending the day in a self contained classroom, students move from one class to another

question

Middle school represents a challenge for adolescents because

answer

b. they are typically the youngest and least experiences and at the bottom of the status hierarchy

question

Junior high schools were typically comprised of grades

answer

a. 7th to 8th

question

One reason for the development of junior high schools was that

answer

c. concerns arose that students were not starting college preparation early enough and earlier and more rigorous training was needed

question

Dissatisfaction with junior high schools began to increase because it was argued that

answer

a. the developmental stage of early adolescence required a different form of education from that supplied to older adolescents

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the 8 principles that underlie good education for adolescents in middle schools?

answer

c. Provide opportunities for students to learn to succeed through independent learning where students achieve a goal without the assistance from other students

question

Proponents of middle school suggested that schools needed to go beyond the subject matter curriculum and engage students socially and emotionally, addressing the needs of the __ child.

answer

d. whole

question

Middle school advocates promoted an emphasis on __ learning, in which students are given the opportunity to participate in hands on learning experience, identifying principles on their own through experimentation.

answer

a. discovery

question

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of middle schools?

answer

b. Middle school students fare much worse than students in other school configurations, such as junior high schools

question

One reason for the discouraging research results about the effectiveness of middle schools may be that

answer

d. the middle school philosophy may not have been fully implemented in many schools.

question

An approach to education, known as the __ model, suggests that the goal of education is to assimilate individual cultural identities into a unique, unified American culture.

answer

a. cultural assimilation

question

Which model of education would discourage non-English speaking students from speaking their native tongues and totally immerse those students in English?

answer

a. cultural assimilation

question

An approach to education, known as the __ model, suggests that American society is made up of diverse, coequal cultural groups that should preserve their individual cultural features

answer

c. pluralistic society

question

Advocates of the __ model argued that teachers, by discouraging students' use of their native tongues, denigrated students' cultural heritages and lowered their self esteem.

answer

c. pluralistic society

question

An approach to education, known as the __ model attempts to help minority students develop competence in the culture of the majority group while maintaining positive group identities that build on their original cultures

answer

d. multicultural

question

A pluralistic society model for education is likely to promote a __ identity among students, a dual identity in which adolescents maintain their original cultural identities while also integrating themselves into the dominant culture

answer

c. bicultural

question

Adolescents ho enter school with little or no English proficiency, known as ___, must learn both the standard curriculum and the language in which that curriculum is taught

answer

a. English language learners

question

One approach to educating students who don't at first speak english is ___ education, in which adolescents are initially taught in their native language

answer

c. bilingual

question

The Ultimate goal of bilingual education is to

answer

c. gradually shift instruction into English

question

Which of the following is NOT true about knowing more than one language?

answer

d. knowing more than one language slows the important process of assimilation into American culture and as a result lowers adolescents' self esteem

question

Knowing more than one language likely

answer

c. is related to higher scores on tests of intelligence

question

The term__ refers to a major education phenomenon in which students are taught not by teachers in schools but by their parents in their own homes

answer

a. home schooling

question

One drawback to homeschooling is that it may

answer

d. limit social interaction with groups of adolescents that is inherent in classrooms in traditional schools

question

About __ of U.S. high school students graduate

answer

78%

question

High school students from middle- and high -SES homes are more likely than those from low SES homes to

answer

c. score higher on achievement tests

question

Which of the following is NOT a reason that students from middle - and high- SES homes achieve at higher levels than those from low-SES schools

answer

a. they may be more likely to be home schooled

question

Adolescents from poor families may lack __, the learned expectation that one is capable of carrying out a behavior or producing a desired outcome in a particular situation

answer

b. self efficacy

question

Adolescents high in self efficacy may

answer

d. exert more effort and show more persistence when face with challenging tasks

question

John Ogbu suggested that the motivation of African American adolescents to succeed may be the result of

answer

d. involuntary immigration of their ancestors who came to the U.S. as slaves

question

One factor in the differential success of various ethnic and racial groups has to do with academic __-- their explanations of the reasons behind academic success

answer

a. attributions

question

Students are more likely to do better in school if they believe that success is the result of

answer

a. temporary situational factors such as how hard they work

question

In contrast to mothers, teachers, and students in the U.S., those in Japan And Taiwan all believe strongly that

answer

b. students in a typical class have the same amount of ability

question

In contrast to mothers, teachers and students in Japan and Taiwan, those in the U.S. believe strongly that

answer

a. there are significant differences in ability among students in a typical class

question

According to some developmentalists, different __ orientations may explain the fact that asian students frequently outperform american students in intenternational comparisons of student achievement

answer

a. attributional

question

Being pushed to attend a __ school is one type of intense pressure under which Asian children are often place

answer

c. cram

question

Which of the following was NOT a finding of the study by David Crystal and colleagues?

answer

d. Asian students experienced high levels of depression than their US counterparts

question

As compared to Asian students, U.S. students may

answer

a. view academics as only one of many spheres in which they need to achieve

question

Males make up about __ of the college population

answer

44%

question

Boys are __ likely to be placed in special education classes

answer

a. twice as

question

One factor that may contribute to declining male academic performance may be

answer

d. curriculum reforms that that have cut back on physical education and sports

question

The phenomenon referred to as the __ refers to the cycle of behavior in which a teacher transmits an expectation about a student and there by actually brings about the expected behavior

answer

c. self fulfilling prophecy

question

High school dropouts earn __ less than high school graduates

answer

a. 42%

question

High school dropouts earn __ less than high school gradates

answer

42%

question

The unemployment rate for high school dropouts is

answer

50%

question

About __ of the school age population is considered mentally retarded

answer

a. 1-3%

question

The disability __ is characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior involving conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills.

answer

b. mental retardation

question

One problem with the definition of mental retardation is that

answer

b. it included many adolescents who experts believe should not be classified as mentally retarded

question

People whose IQ scores range from 50 to 55 are classified as having __ retardation

answer

d. mild

question

Typically, the retardation of people with __ retardation is not even identified before they reach school, other their early development is often slower than average.

answer

d. mild

question

People whose IQ scores range from 35 or 40 to 50 or 55 are classified as having __ retardation

answer

b. sever

question

People with __ retardation are slow to develop language skills, and their motor development is also affected, although they are capable of learning occupational and social skills and can learn to travel independently to familiar places

answer

a. moderate

question

The intent of Public Law 94-124 the Education for ALL Handicapped Children Act, in the mid 1970s was to ensure students with special needs received a full education in the __ environment, the setting most similar to that of students without special needs.

answer

d. least restrictive

question

The practical implication of Public Law 94-124 is that students with special needs must be

answer

a. integrated into regular classrooms and regular activities to the greatest extence possible as long as doing so is educationally beneficial

question

An educational practice referred to as __ is an attempt to integrate exceptional students as much as possible into traditional educational system and provide them with a broad range of educational alternatives.

answer

b. mainstreaming

question

An advantage of mainstreaming is that

answer

c. excpetional students are __ to the greatest extent possible- provied opportunities to choose their goals on the basis of a full education

question

An educational practice referred to as __ integrates all students even those with the most sever disabilities into regular classes

answer

a. full inclusion

question

Children who are __ give evidence of high performance capability in areas such as intellectual, creative, artistic, leadership capacity, or specific academic field

answer

c. gifted and talented

question

An approach to the education of gifted and talented students is ___ which allows sutdents to move ahead at their own pace, even if this means skipping to higher grade levels

answer

a. acceleration

question

One approach to the education of gifted and talented students is __, which keeps students at grade level but are enrolled in special programs and given individual activities to allow greater depth of study on a given topic

answer

b. enrichment

question

Around __ of those who start college finish 4 years later with a degree

answer

a. 40%

question

The national dropout rate for African American college students is about

answer

d. 70%

question

In regard to gender in college classrooms

answer

c. men are more likely than women to receive extra help from professors outside of class

question

Psychologists Claude Steele has argued that because women are aware of society's sterotypes about achievement in particular domains, women

answer

d. may be hindered as they are distracted by the worries about the failure that society predicts for them

question

Steele suggested that African Americas may __ with acadmic success by putting forth less effort on academic tasks and gernally downgrading the importance of academic achievement

answer

b. disidentify

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