Chapter 10 and 12: Medieval Europe – Flashcards
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Henry II
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Named after the walled cities, they lived in, these people were merchants and artisans.
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Bourgeouisie
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By 800, most of Europe's population was
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serfs
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The revival of trade led to
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Repopulation of old Roman cities
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William of Normandy
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What is the name for a grant of land given to a vassal?
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Fief
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Warriors who rode on horseback and served their lords were called
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Knights
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Why were Viking raiders such a threat after the death of Charlemagne?
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After Charlemagne's death, the Carolingian Empire was divided into three sections.
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A knight defended the Church and defenseless people. This was the idea of
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Chivalry
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Where were the Vikings from?
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Scandinavia
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Feudalism arose in response to
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internal division and external threats
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Women in the Middle Ages
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could legally own property.
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What role did serfs have in the feudal system?
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farmed the land and paid rent
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Which of these describes the relationship between a lord and knight?
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The lord provides food, and the knight protects the lord.
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Which of these was vital for defending people during the Middle Ages?
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a centralized government
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Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine
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married King Louis VII of France. Had marriage annulled. Married again to Duke Henry of Normandy, who became King Henry II of England. Two of her sons; Richard and John became kings of England
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Lords granted rights and freedoms to artisans and merchants in towns because
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the lords made money from the sale of rights.
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The system that allows people to invest in trade and goods for profit is
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commercial capitalism
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In a medieval city, which class generally were the only ones to hold public office?
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Patricians
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How did people regulate quality of goods, determine how many people could enter a trade, and set prices?
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by forming craft guilds
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Medieval cities were often
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smelly, polluted, and cramped.
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Why was crop rotation important to agriculture in the Middle Ages?
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It let the land rest and regain its fertility.
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Which of these names an important invention of the Middle Ages?
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carruca
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Which of the following formally recognized the relationship between kings and vassals as well as the limited powers of the monarch?
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magna carta
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King John signed the Magna Carta in
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1215
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Which Viking was the founder of present-day Kyiv?
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Oleg
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How did Philip II Augustus expand the French monarchy?
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by taking control of Normandy and other French territories
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This Saxon king gained a title not used since the time of Charlemagne.
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Otto I
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How were Italy and Germany unlike England and France during the Middle Ages?
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Germany and Italy consisted of small independent states, but England and France were ruled by a monarch.
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Which of these resulted from the Battle of Hastings?
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The Anglo-Saxon and Norman cultures merged
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Which of these accompanied the conversion of the Eastern Slavs to Orthodox Christianity?
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creation of the Cyrillic alphabet
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Which of these could be true of the Croats?
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They were considered outsiders among the southern Slavs because they converted to Roman Catholicism
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Thomas à Becket's death represents
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the power struggle of the English monarchy against the Church
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Secular
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concerned with worldly matters
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As the popes' power grew, they established control of areas in central Italy that came to be known as
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papal states
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Until the Investiture Controversy challenged the practice, people usually became Church officials by
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the appointment of the ruler of the country
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The Investiture Controversy was a power struggle between King Henry IV of Germany and
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Pope Gregory VII
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How does an interdict work?
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It forbids priests to administer religious rites to certain people.
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According to the compromise reached in the Concordat of Worms, a German bishop
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received symbols of his earthly office from the king and symbols of his spiritual office from the pope's representative
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What did the Cistercians do with the time they gained by shortening their religious services?
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They prayed privately, performed manual labor, and reached out to people in the community
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Men who join a religious order are called monks and live in monasteries; women who join a religious order
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are called nuns and live in convents
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Saint Bernard of Clairvaux believed that a monk should be
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a "soldier of Christ."
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Many faithful Church followers felt that the harsh methods of the Inquisition were justified in order to save the souls of
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heretics.
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Ordinary people prayed to saints because
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they believed saints could intervene directly with God in their favor
