Chapter 1- Understanding Psychology- Study Guide – Flashcards
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What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?
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A hypothesis is an assumption about behavior that is tested through scientific research. A theory is a set of assumptions used to explain phenomena and offered for scientific study
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What are the goals of psychology?
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Description Explanation Prediction Influence
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Why do psychologists use the scientific method?
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To make sure information is collected correctly and accurately
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How might a basic science psychologist and an applied science psychologist differ in their approach to Internet addiction?
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Basic science- find reason Applied science- tries to take polls and go on a bigger scale; experiments
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Physiological
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Having to do with an organisms physical processes
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Cognitive
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Having to do with an organisms thinking and understanding
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Psychology
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The scientific study of behavior that is tested through scientific research
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Hypothesis
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An assumption about behavior that is tested through scientific research
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Theory
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A set of assumptions used to explain phenomena and offered for scientific study
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Basic science
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The pursuit of knowledge about natural phenomena for its own sake
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Applied science
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Discovering ways to use scientific findings to accomplish goals
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Scientific Method
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A general approach to gathering information and answering questions so that errors and biases are minimized
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Using your own words, describe the structuralist, functionalist, behaviorist, and humanist approaches to the study of psychology.
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-Structuralist: one who examines human experiences to find basic elements -Functionalist: study the thoughts of a human to see how they adapt to change - Behaviorists: study the attitude and behavior of a person/animal in different environments -Humanists: believes that everyone can take their own responsibility of their future; freedom of desire
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Historical approaches to Psychology
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-Structuralism (basic elements of human experience) -Inheritable Traits (heredity) - Functionalism ( how mental processes help adaption) - Gesalt Psychology (perception is more than the sum of its parts)
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Identify some issues that sociocultural psychologists might research
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-impact of integration - woman's rights in society -social status
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With which approach to psychology do you most agree?
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Structuralism, because the elements of our experiences can have major impact on how we act and our behavior.
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Structuralist
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A psychologist who studied the basic elements of conscious mental experiences
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Introspection
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A method of self-observation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings
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Functionalist
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A psychologist who studied the function (rather than the structure) or consciousness
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Psychoanalyst
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A psychologist who studies how unconscious motives and conflicts determine human behavior
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Behaviorist
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A psychologist who studies how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to events in the environment
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Humanist
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A psychologist who believes that each person has freedom in directing his or her own future and achieving personal growth
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Cognitivist
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A psychologist who studies how we process, store, retrieve, and use information and how cognitive processes influence behavior
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Psychobiologist
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Studies how physical and chemical changes in our body influence our behavior
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Describe the work of a clinical psychologist, a counseling psychologist, a developmental psychologist, and a community psychologist
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-Clinical: help people deal with their personal problems - Counseling: help people with everyday life problems and how to adjust to them - a developmental psychologist studies the emotional, cognitive, biological, personal, and social changes that occur as an individual matures. - A community psychologist may work in a mental hospital or social welfare agency
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Name several speciality fields in psychology.
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- Clinical -counseling - Developmental - Educational - community - industrial - organizational - experimental
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How might the work of environmental psychologists differ from that of industrial/organizational psychologists?
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Environmental psychologists study how environmental issues impact people (government position). Industrial/organizational psychologists study employees in businesses (government and business job)
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If you decided to continue in the field of psychology, what type of psychologist would you be?
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Counseling psychologist, because I am interested in helping people with everyday issues that I can easily relate to.
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Clinical psychologist
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Diagnoses and treats people with emotional disturbances
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Counseling Psychologist
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Usually helps people deal with problems of living
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Psychiatry
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A branch of medicine that deals with metal, emotional, or behavioral disorders
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Developmental Psychologist
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Studies the emotional, cognitive, biological, personal, and social changes that occur as an individual matures
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Educational Psychologist
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A psychologist who is concerned with helping students learn
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Community psychologist
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May work with a mental health or social welfare agency
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Industrial/Organizational Psychologist
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Uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers
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Experimental psychologist
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Studies sensation, perception, learning, motivation, and emotion in carefully controlled laboratory conditions
