question

The Chicago School's Jane Addams founded the first American settlement house, an institution to help the poor by offering aid, educational services, and more. This house was known as:

answer

the Hull House

question

Which of the following founders of sociology is known, in part, for having his writings become the basis of Communism?

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Karl Marx

question

Which modern sociological theory examines how power relationships are defined, shaped, and reproduced on the basis of gender differences?

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feminism

question

Feeling discomfort about rural Chinese society, where many generations of a family sleep in the same bed, is known as:

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xenophobia

question

The "grand narrative" that constitutes a social identity:

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is nothing more than a sum of individual stories told between pairs of individuals

question

As a formal field, sociology is a relatively ____________ discipline, as discussed in Chapter 1.

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young

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Which early U.S. sociologist told other sociologists in the Chicago School to "go out and get the seats of [their] pants dirty in real research"?

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Robert Park

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According to Suicide, one of the main social forces leading to suicide is a sense of normlessness that results from drastic changes in society. This normlessness was called:

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anomie

question

Perhaps the largest division within the discipline of sociology exists between:

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interpretive and positivist sociology

question

The Chicago School's main laboratory for sociological research was:

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the city of Chicago itself

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Which of the following sociologists wrote Suicide in 1897?

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Emile Durkheim

question

Two words that might describe the difference between conflict theory and functionalism are:

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competition versus consensus

question

Which feminist sociologist wrote Sex, Gender, and Society (1972), which argued that much of what we attribute to biological sex differences can actually be traced to learned behaviors and socialization?

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Ann Oakley

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Who wrote The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism?

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Max Weber

question

In contrast to functionalism, which modern sociological theory borrows from Marx's belief that competition, not consensus, is the essential cause of social change?

answer

conflict theory

question

Which modern sociological theory explains social behavior by examining the meanings that social signals and signs represent to individuals?

answer

symbolic interactionism

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What do symbolic interactionists study?

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shared meaning

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Native Americans may see the history of the United States differently than white Europeans. Which theory is concerned with the fact that history may be interpreted differently by these dissimilar groups?

answer

postmodernism

question

Max Weber would say we need to understand from their perspective, not from our own, why many generations of Chinese sleep together in rural China. He called this:

answer

Verstehen

question

A female manager is attempting to climb her way to the top of the corporate ladder. She works as hard, if not harder, than her male colleagues, but nothing she does seems to help her advance. She begins to notice that males are being promoted, but females tend to be overlooked for advancement. The realization that many women in her circumstance are experiencing the same discrimination is an example of:

answer

sociological imagination

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The author of The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism argued that sociologists should study social behavior from the perspective of the people engaging in it. This is known as:

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Verstehen

question

Erving Goffman used the language of theater to describe how people present themselves in everyday social life. This is known as:

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dramaturgical theory

question

All of the following are examples of social institutions used to prevent websites from undermining colleges' degree‐conferring abilities EXCEPT:

answer

families

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In sociology's "cousin," psychology, the focus is on the individual. In sociology, the focus is above and beyond the individual, on group‐level dynamics and social structures. This is known as:

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supra‐individual

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Each of the following is known as one of the three epistemological stages of human society, as explained by Comte, EXCEPT:

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the postscientific stage

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The Division of Labor in Society was the first of many sociological contributions from:

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Emile Durkheim

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The Chicago School was a good place to study community‐based social ecology. Why?

answer

The population was rapidly growing due to foreign immigration and the influx of African Americans from the rural South

question

According to the theory of social solidarity, the division of labor in a society helps to determine:

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the way social cohesion among individuals is maintained

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Economists tend to see humans as ____________, but sociologists would tend to include ____________.

answer

rational actors; emotional motivations

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Robert Merton's modern sociological theory focused on attempting to predict how certain social institutions function between microsociology and macrosociology. This is known as:

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midrange theory

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While historians are more likely to focus on the unique case, sociologists would more likely focus on:

answer

commonalities

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Explaining unique cases is the focus of most historians, whereas the comparative method is the staple of the sociologist. This comparative method is also known as:

answer

the nomothetic approach

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Which of the following focuses its analyses on face‐to‐face encounters and interactions?

answer

microsociology

question

The functionalist paradigm went largely unchallenged in the United States until about the 1950s. C. Wright Mills criticized Talcott Parsons for:

answer

supporting the dominant class structure and the inequalities associated with it

question

The examination of human behavior within a rational actor model is the focus of which of the following "cousins" of sociology?

answer

economics

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Postmodern sociologists argue that all so‐called objective phenomena are open to debate because all meaning is subjective. Thus, to postmodernists, all "facts" are really:

answer

social constructs

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Sociology

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the study of human society.

question

Sociological imagination

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the ability to connect the most basic, intimate aspects of an individual's life to seemingly impersonal and remote historical forces.

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Social institution

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a complex group of interdependent positions that, together, perform a social role and reproduce themselves over time; also defined in a narrow sense as any institution in a society that works to shape the behavior of the groups or people within it.

question

Verstehen

answer

The concept that forms the object of inquiry for interpretive sociology—to study how social actors understand their actions and the social world through experience.

question

Anomie

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a sense of aimlessness or despair that arises when we can no longer reasonably expect life to be predictable; too little social regulation; normlessness.

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Positivist sociology

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a strain within sociology that believes the social world can be described and predicted by certain describable relationships (akin to a social physics).

question

Double consciousness

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a concept conceived by W. E. B. DuBois to describe the two behavioral scripts, one for moving through the world and the other incorporating the external opinions of prejudiced onlookers, which are constantly maintained by African Americans.

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Functionalism

answer

the theory that various social institutions and processes in society exist to serve some important (or necessary) function to keep society running.

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Conflict theory

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the idea that conflict between competing interests is the basic, animating force of social change and society in general.

question

Symbolic interactionism

answer

a micro-level theory in which shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people's actions.

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Postmodernism

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a condition characterized by a questioning of the notion of progress and history, the replacement of narrative within pastiche, and multiple, perhaps even conflicting, identities resulting from disjointed affiliations.

question

Social construction

answer

an entity that exists because people behave as if it exists and whose existence is perpetuated as people and social institutions act in accordance with the widely agreed-upon formal rules or informal norms of behavior associated with that entity.

question

Midrange theory

answer

a theory that attempts to predict how certain social institutions tend to function.

question

Microsociology

answer

seeks to understand local interactional contexts; its methods of choice are ethnographic, generally including participant observation and in-depth interviews.

question

Macrosociology

answer

generally concerned with social dynamics at a higher level of analysis—that is, across the breadth of a society.

Chapter 1 – The Sociological Imagination: An Introduction – Flashcards

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