Chapter 1 – History of Pharmacy Practice – Mod 1 – Flashcards

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question
Many of the principles used in pharmacy *how many years ago* are still in practice?
answer
thousands of years ago.
question
*What symbol* is commonly considered an abbreviation for the Latin word *recipere* or *recipe* (which means "Take Thou")?
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Rx
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*What* is referred to as the cradle of civilization?
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Babylon
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What ancient city in Mesopotamia provides the earliest known record of *apothecary* practice?
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Babylon
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What is the Latin term for pharmacist (also used as a general term to refer to the early practice of pharmacy)?
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Apothecary
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*Where* did Mithradates VI live and *how* did he develop an immunity to poisons?
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In the wilderness; And he developed an immunity to poisons by regularly consuming poison in small, nonlethal doses. *[1st Clinical Trials]*
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The practice of pharmacy in ancient Egypt was conducted by what two classes of workers?
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Echelons & Chiefs of Fabrication
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*Who* were the gatherers and preparers of drugs, similar to the modern-day pharmacy technician?
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Echelons
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*Who* were the head pharmacists?
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Chiefs of Fabrication
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Where do our knowledge of Egyptian medicine comes from?
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It comes from records made as early as 2900 BCE (Before The Common/Current/Christian Era)
question
What is the most important Egyptian pharmaceutical document?
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Papyrus Ebers
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When was the Papyrus Ebers written?
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1500 BCE (Before The Common/Current/Christian Era)
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The Papyrus Ebers is a collection of *what*?
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A collection of 800 prescriptions that specifically mention 700 unique drugs.
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How many drugs are recorded in the Charaka Samhita?
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More than 2,000 drugs.
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What is the Charaka Samhita?
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It is an ancient Indian manuscript originating from as early as 1000 BCE (Before The Common/Current/Christian Era). It is the work of multiple authors.
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What does Charaka Samhita mean?
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"Compendium of wandering physicians"
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What language is the Charaka Samhita written in?
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Sanskrit, an ancient Indian language.
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What was known as the first reference book for pharmacy?
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The Papyrus Ebers
question
What was the first therapeutic agent to bear a trademark?
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Terra Sigilata or "sealed earth"
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What was a small clay tablet, similar in size to an aspirin?
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Terra Sigilata
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What is the name of the ancient Greek physician who lived between 460 BCE and 377 BCE?
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Hippocrates of Cos
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*Who* was known to be a third generation physician, philosopher, and professor at the Cos School of Medicine?
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Hippocrates of Cos
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*Who* is known as the father of medicine?
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Hippocrates of Cos
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*Who* practiced and taught both pharmacy and medicine in Rome during 130-200 CE (Common Era; also Current Era or Christian Era)?
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Galen
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After attending medical school in Greece and Egypt, this person eventually became the personal physician for the Roman imperial family. Who is he?
answer
Galen
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Who was the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and the founder of Boston?
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John Winthrop
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Who sought advice from English apothecaries and physicians when they was unable to persuade professionals to emigrate from Britain to the colony?
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John Winthrop
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In what year did John Winthrop began providing apothecary products by selling imported drugs (as well as those derived from plants native to New England)?
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1640
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Who founded colonial America's first hospital?
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Benjamin Franklin
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In what year was colonial America's first hospital established *and* where is it located?
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1751 in Philadelphia
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Colonial America's first hospital's pharmacy beginning operations in what year?
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1752
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A Bostonian, who was the first man to hold the rank of a commissioned pharmaceutical officer in the American army?
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Andrew Craigie
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When Congress reorganized the Medical Department of the army in *what year*, Craigie became the first Apothecary General.
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In 1777
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On what date did the pharmacists vote to form the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy?
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March 13th. (1800's)
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A school of pharmacy with a self-policing board, it became America's first educational institutional for pharmacy. *What school is this?*
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The Philadelphia College of Pharmacy
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What does the abbreviation APhA stand for?
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American Pharmaceutical Association.
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What association strives to meet the needs for better communication among pharmacists, standards for education and apprenticeship, and quality control over imported drugs
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APhA: American Pharmaceutical Association.
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Who is known as the father of American pharmacy?
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William Procter, Jr.
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Who was a leader in founding the American Pharmaceutical Association, (served that organization as its first secretary and later as its president), and served 30 years on the USP Revision Committee?
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William Procter, Jr.
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In what year was the first United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) published?
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In 1820
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What was the name of the first book of drug standards to achieve acceptance by an entire nation?
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The United States Pharmacopoeia (USP)
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As of which date, all but 6 states regulate the practice of pharmacy technicians?
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As of 2013.
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What are the 6 states that do not regulate the practice of pharmacy technicians?
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Colorado, Hawaii, *Michigan*, New York, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin.
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The practice of pharmacy and the role of the pharmacist became focused on ensuring what?
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Positive outcomes for drug-related therapies.
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What overarching philosophy is a combination of formulation and dispensing of drugs, a scientific approach to evidence and outcome-based results, and provision of expanded consultations and cognitive-based services?
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Pharmaceutical Care
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What is the study of individual genetic differences in response to drug therapy?
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Pharmacogenomics
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Who is known as the father of modern genetics? (Hint: Austrian priest & scientist)
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Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)
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Who showed that the inheritance of traits follows particular laws, through his study of inherited traits in pea plants?
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Gregor Mendel
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The significance of Mendel's work was not recognized until the turn of which century?
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20th Century
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The majority of biotechnology drugs now under development are being tested for what?
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For use in treatment of cancer or cancer-related conditions (which could have a major impact on the future health care of cancer patients).
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During what time frame did pharmacists continue the traditional, preexisting practice of pharmacy (in which their role consisted primarily of formulating and dispensing drugs derived from natural sources)?
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From the early 1900s through the 1930s.
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What era was marked by the development of new drugs, scientific testing of the effects of drugs on the human body, new regulations pertaining to the efficacy of medication, and the mass production of synthetic drugs and antibiotics?
answer
The Scientific Era
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