Chapter 1 – History of Pharmacy Practice – Mod 1 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Many of the principles used in pharmacy *how many years ago* are still in practice?
answer
thousands of years ago.
question
*What symbol* is commonly considered an abbreviation for the Latin word *recipere* or *recipe* (which means "Take Thou")?
answer
Rx
question
*What* is referred to as the cradle of civilization?
answer
Babylon
question
What ancient city in Mesopotamia provides the earliest known record of *apothecary* practice?
answer
Babylon
question
What is the Latin term for pharmacist (also used as a general term to refer to the early practice of pharmacy)?
answer
Apothecary
question
*Where* did Mithradates VI live and *how* did he develop an immunity to poisons?
answer
In the wilderness; And he developed an immunity to poisons by regularly consuming poison in small, nonlethal doses. *[1st Clinical Trials]*
question
The practice of pharmacy in ancient Egypt was conducted by what two classes of workers?
answer
Echelons & Chiefs of Fabrication
question
*Who* were the gatherers and preparers of drugs, similar to the modern-day pharmacy technician?
answer
Echelons
question
*Who* were the head pharmacists?
answer
Chiefs of Fabrication
question
Where do our knowledge of Egyptian medicine comes from?
answer
It comes from records made as early as 2900 BCE (Before The Common/Current/Christian Era)
question
What is the most important Egyptian pharmaceutical document?
answer
Papyrus Ebers
question
When was the Papyrus Ebers written?
answer
1500 BCE (Before The Common/Current/Christian Era)
question
The Papyrus Ebers is a collection of *what*?
answer
A collection of 800 prescriptions that specifically mention 700 unique drugs.
question
How many drugs are recorded in the Charaka Samhita?
answer
More than 2,000 drugs.
question
What is the Charaka Samhita?
answer
It is an ancient Indian manuscript originating from as early as 1000 BCE (Before The Common/Current/Christian Era). It is the work of multiple authors.
question
What does Charaka Samhita mean?
answer
"Compendium of wandering physicians"
question
What language is the Charaka Samhita written in?
answer
Sanskrit, an ancient Indian language.
question
What was known as the first reference book for pharmacy?
answer
The Papyrus Ebers
question
What was the first therapeutic agent to bear a trademark?
answer
Terra Sigilata or "sealed earth"
question
What was a small clay tablet, similar in size to an aspirin?
answer
Terra Sigilata
question
What is the name of the ancient Greek physician who lived between 460 BCE and 377 BCE?
answer
Hippocrates of Cos
question
*Who* was known to be a third generation physician, philosopher, and professor at the Cos School of Medicine?
answer
Hippocrates of Cos
question
*Who* is known as the father of medicine?
answer
Hippocrates of Cos
question
*Who* practiced and taught both pharmacy and medicine in Rome during 130-200 CE (Common Era; also Current Era or Christian Era)?
answer
Galen
question
After attending medical school in Greece and Egypt, this person eventually became the personal physician for the Roman imperial family. Who is he?
answer
Galen
question
Who was the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and the founder of Boston?
answer
John Winthrop
question
Who sought advice from English apothecaries and physicians when they was unable to persuade professionals to emigrate from Britain to the colony?
answer
John Winthrop
question
In what year did John Winthrop began providing apothecary products by selling imported drugs (as well as those derived from plants native to New England)?
answer
1640
question
Who founded colonial America's first hospital?
answer
Benjamin Franklin
question
In what year was colonial America's first hospital established *and* where is it located?
answer
1751 in Philadelphia
question
Colonial America's first hospital's pharmacy beginning operations in what year?
answer
1752
question
A Bostonian, who was the first man to hold the rank of a commissioned pharmaceutical officer in the American army?
answer
Andrew Craigie
question
When Congress reorganized the Medical Department of the army in *what year*, Craigie became the first Apothecary General.
answer
In 1777
question
On what date did the pharmacists vote to form the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy?
answer
March 13th. (1800's)
question
A school of pharmacy with a self-policing board, it became America's first educational institutional for pharmacy. *What school is this?*
answer
The Philadelphia College of Pharmacy
question
What does the abbreviation APhA stand for?
answer
American Pharmaceutical Association.
question
What association strives to meet the needs for better communication among pharmacists, standards for education and apprenticeship, and quality control over imported drugs
answer
APhA: American Pharmaceutical Association.
question
Who is known as the father of American pharmacy?
answer
William Procter, Jr.
question
Who was a leader in founding the American Pharmaceutical Association, (served that organization as its first secretary and later as its president), and served 30 years on the USP Revision Committee?
answer
William Procter, Jr.
question
In what year was the first United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) published?
answer
In 1820
question
What was the name of the first book of drug standards to achieve acceptance by an entire nation?
answer
The United States Pharmacopoeia (USP)
question
As of which date, all but 6 states regulate the practice of pharmacy technicians?
answer
As of 2013.
question
What are the 6 states that do not regulate the practice of pharmacy technicians?
answer
Colorado, Hawaii, *Michigan*, New York, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin.
question
The practice of pharmacy and the role of the pharmacist became focused on ensuring what?
answer
Positive outcomes for drug-related therapies.
question
What overarching philosophy is a combination of formulation and dispensing of drugs, a scientific approach to evidence and outcome-based results, and provision of expanded consultations and cognitive-based services?
answer
Pharmaceutical Care
question
What is the study of individual genetic differences in response to drug therapy?
answer
Pharmacogenomics
question
Who is known as the father of modern genetics? (Hint: Austrian priest & scientist)
answer
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)
question
Who showed that the inheritance of traits follows particular laws, through his study of inherited traits in pea plants?
answer
Gregor Mendel
question
The significance of Mendel's work was not recognized until the turn of which century?
answer
20th Century
question
The majority of biotechnology drugs now under development are being tested for what?
answer
For use in treatment of cancer or cancer-related conditions (which could have a major impact on the future health care of cancer patients).
question
During what time frame did pharmacists continue the traditional, preexisting practice of pharmacy (in which their role consisted primarily of formulating and dispensing drugs derived from natural sources)?
answer
From the early 1900s through the 1930s.
question
What era was marked by the development of new drugs, scientific testing of the effects of drugs on the human body, new regulations pertaining to the efficacy of medication, and the mass production of synthetic drugs and antibiotics?
answer
The Scientific Era
