Chapter 1. Anatomy and Physiology of Speech, Language, and Hearing – Flashcards
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anatomy
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the study of the structure of an organisim
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dissection
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cutting of parts of the organism
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physiology
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study of the function of the living organism and its parts as well as the chemical processes involved
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applied/clinical anatomy
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the application of anatomical study for the diagnosis and treatment of disease, particularly as it relates to surgical procedures
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descriptive/systematic anatomy
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involves the description of individual parts of the body without reference to disease conditions. Views the body as a composite of systems that function together
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gross anatomy
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studies structures visible without the aid of microscopy
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microscopic anatomy
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studies structures not visible to the naked eye
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surface anatomy
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the study of the form and structure of the surface of the body, especially with reference to the organs beneath the surface
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developmental anatomy
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deals with the development of the organism from conception to adulthood
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pathological anatomy
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is the study of anatomy in regard to the structural changes, both microscopically and macroscopically, in the body which occurs as a result of disease. Do not confuse this with " pathology" which is a broad term for the study of disease.
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comparitive anatomy
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similarities and differences across the animal kingdom
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electrophysiological
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measures electrical activity of a single cell or a group of cells, including muscle and nervous system
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respiratory physiology
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concerned with all processes involved in breathing
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cytology
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study of cells
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histology
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study of tissue
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osteology
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study of bones
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myology
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study of muscle form and function
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anthrology
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studies joints that unite the bones
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angiology
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the study of blood vessels and the lymphatic system
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neurology
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the study of the nervous system
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thorax
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the part of the body between the diaphragm and the seventh cervical vertebrae
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abdomen
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the belly
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upper extremity
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shoulder to elbow
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lower extremity
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thigh, leg, ankle, and foot
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axial skeleton
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the head and trunk with spinal column being the axis.
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appendicular skeleton
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lower and upper limbs
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neuraxis
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axis of the brain
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coronal plane
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divides dorsal from ventrical - into front and back halves
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frontal section
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divides body into front and back halves
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saggital section
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divides body or body part into right and left
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ventral
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pertaining to the belly or anterior surface
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posterior
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toward the back
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dorsal
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pertaining to the back of the body or distal
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rostral
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toward the head refers to a structure anterior to another
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peripheral
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away from the center
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superficial
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on or near the surface
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deep
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further from the surface
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external
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outside
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internal
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within the body
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prone
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body in horizontal position with face down (on the belly)
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supine
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body in horizontal position with face up (on the back)
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lateral
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toward the side
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proximal
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nearest point of attachment
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flexion
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bending at a joint
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extension
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the act of pulling two ends farther apart
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hyperextension
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extreme extension...syn, dorsiflexion
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plantar
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the sole of the foot
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inverson
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to turn in
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eversion
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to turn out
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palmar
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pertaining to the palm of the hand
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pronate
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to place in the prone position
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supinate
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to place in the supine position
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ipsi
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same
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epithelial tissue
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outer layer of mucous membrances and cells constitution the skin
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cilia
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hairlike protrusions that actively beat to remove contaminants from the epithelial surface
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interstitial
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space or gap in tissue
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striated
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striped, streaked
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somatic
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body
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autonomic
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self-regulating
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facia
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tissue that surrounds and protects against organs
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diarthrodial
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class of joints of the skeletal system that permits mazimum mobility
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amphiarthrodial
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class of joints that permits limited movement
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cartilaginous joints
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joints in which cartilage serves to connect two bones
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synovial joints
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a type of diarthrodial joint that has encapsulated fluid as a cushion
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syndesmosis
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joints are bound by fibrous ligaments but have little movement
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sutures
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joints between bones of the skull that are not intened to move at all
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gomphosis
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bolting together; hole and peg arrangemen
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synchondrosis
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carilaginous union is maintained
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symohysis
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hrowing together
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articular capsule
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the fibrous connective tissue covering of a synovial joint
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sperhoid/catyloid
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cup-shaped
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candylar joints
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a shallow ball and sicket joint with limited mobility
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ellipoid joint
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a shallow ball-and sicket joint in which the convex and concave elements are elliptical in shape
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trochoid/pivot joint
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designed for notation and little else
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saddle/sellar joint
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a ball and sicket joint in which the concave membe nestson an elongated convez member
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hinge joint
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a joint that acts likea hinge, permitting onlky flexion and extension
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ginglymus
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acts like the hinge ofa cabinet door
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epimysium
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connectve tussure that surrounds muscles
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agonish
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muscles that are used for a specific motor act
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antagonist
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muslces that oppose a giveen movement
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innervation
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stumulation by mens of a nerve
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afferent
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sensory
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efferent
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excitatiory
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system
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a functionally defined group of organs
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muscular system
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the anatomica lsystem that includ smooth, striated, and cardiag muscle
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skeletal system
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the anatomical system that includes the bones and cartilages and make up the body
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respiratory system
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the physical system involved in respiration, including the lings, bronchial passageway, trachea, larynx and nasal cavity
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phonatory system
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the system including the laryngeal structies through which phonation is achieved
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articulatory system
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in speech science the system of structures involved in shaping the oral cavity for production of the sounds of speech
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resonatory system
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the portion of the vocal tract through which the acoustical product of vocal vibration resonates
