Chapter 07.01-07.09 Quiz’s Sociology – Flashcards
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What term is used for the division of people into layers according to their relative property, power, and prestige?
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social stratification
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Which of the following statements about slavery is true?
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slavery has been common throughout history
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Which type of social stratification is determined by birth and lasts for life?
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caste
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When Angela moved to South Africa in 1985, she was classified as African and, by law was not allowed to mix with Europeans. Angela was a victim of ___.
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apartheid
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In 12th century Europe, people were stratified according to what system?
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estate
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Why did Marx say that farmers lacked social consciousness?
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they did not see themselves as exploited workers who needed to band together
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What did Weber believe determined social class?
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a person's wealth, power, and status
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Donna works at a fast food joint but has managed to out a few dollars in the bank and even bought some stocks. She now sees herself more as a capitalist investor than a worker. What is this an example of?
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false class consciousness
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How did Marx think we would arrive at a classless society?
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the oppressed would rise up against the oppressor
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Which of Weber's components of social class is the ability to control others.
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power
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Which of the following statements reflects the functionalist's view of social stratification?
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people who are talented and contribute more to society will reap more rewards
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Which concept would a conflict theorist stress?
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when a group gains power, it exploits those below in order to stay in power
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Why do Davis and Moore's views on social stratification make many sociologists uneasy?
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they see it as coming close to justifying the inequalities in society
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Mosca argued that every society will be stratified by ___.
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power
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Why do functionalists believe social inequalities must help societies survive?
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social inequalities are found universally in all societies
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What is an example of soft control?
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using ideology to justify the way things are
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In Kingdom XYZ, the penalty for telling critical stories about the queen was having your tongue cut off. This is an example of using ___ to control people.
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fear
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To avoid ___, the ruling elite use ___ to control people.
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rebellion; ideology
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How does our current technology help the ruling elite stay in power?
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it makes it possible to monitor more of a citizen's activities
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Why do those in charge approve of policies such as our Homeland Security laws?
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these laws allow them to legally spy on citizens without their knowledge
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In Great Britain, a person's social class is almost always betrayed by their ___.
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speech
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What was a similarity between the United States and the former Soviet Union?
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both had marked social inequalities
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Who led the 1917 worker's revolution in Russia?
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Lenin and Trotsky
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What was the major basis of stratification in the Soviet Union?
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party membership
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The Soviet Union struggled and their citizens were deprived, while Western countries thrived. Soviet leaders decided to make some changes in order to improve their society. What was one of those changes?
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the state allowed citizens to invest in for-profit , private business that were previously owned by the state
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The author's term, ___ nation, includes countries that were formerly known as first world nations.
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most industrialized
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How does the author classify most of the nations that made up the former Soviet Union?
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industrializing
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What characteristics should an industrializing nation have in order to belong in that category?
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a lower standard of living than the most industrialized nations
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Which of the following statements about the least industrialized nations is true?
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the majority of people live on small farms or in villages
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There are some nations that are not industrialized, but are still extremely wealthy. The author classifies these countries separately. ___ is an example of one of these nations.
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Kuwait
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The legacy of ___ is a background factor in much contemporary racial-ethic and tribal violence.
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colonialism
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What is the purpose of colonialism?
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to exploit a weaker nation's people and resources for the benefit of the colonizing nation
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In the world system theory, the ___ nations have stagnant economies.
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semiperiphery
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which type of nations were completely left out of capitalism?
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external area
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What differentiates the culture of poverty theory from other theories that try to explain how the world's nations became stratified?
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it places blame on the victim
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Country X is very poor so it buys goods on credit from country Z. Unfortunately, country X is unable to pay more than the interest payments on the loans, so it remains perpetually in debt to country Z and must accept Z's trading terms. This is an example of ___.
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neocolonialism
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Sociologist Michael Harrington argued that when ___ fell out of favor, it was replace by ___.
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colonialism; neocolonialism
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What is an effect of neocolonialism in the Middle East that we see in the United States today?
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low gas prices
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How do multinational corporations ensure favorable business climates for themselves in the least industrialized nations?
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the corporations funnel money to the elites of those nations
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What is an unintended consequence of multinational corporations searching for cheap labor?
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there are more jobs and money for the working classes
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Historical shifts bring ___ disruptions.
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cataclysmic
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Which of the following statements about modern global stratification is true?
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it is not easy to maintain
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Political and economic changes in China have been accompanied by ___.
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cracks in the global banking system
