Chapter 01 – Flashcards
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| Chemistry |
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the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes |
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| Mass |
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| is a measure of the amount of matter |
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| Matter |
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| anything that had mass and takes up space |
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| Atom |
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| is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element |
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| Element |
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| is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom |
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| Compound |
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| is a substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances. Each compound is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded |
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| Extensive properties |
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| depend on the amount of matter that is present |
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| Intensive properties |
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| do not depend on the amount of matter present |
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| Physical property |
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| is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance |
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| Physical change |
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| a change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance |
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| Change of state |
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| is a physical change of a substance from one state to another |
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| Solid |
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| has definite volume and a definite shape |
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| Liquid |
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| has a definite volume but an indefinite shape |
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| Gas |
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| has neither a definite volume nor definite shape |
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| Plasma |
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| high temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons, particles that make up atoms |
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| Chemical property |
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| relates to a substances ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances |
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| Chemical change/Chemical reaction |
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| a change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances |
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| Reactants |
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| the substances that react in a chemical change |
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| Products |
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| the substances that are formed by the chemical change |
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| Mixture |
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| is a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties |
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| Homogeneous |
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| uniform in composition |
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| Solutions |
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| are also called homogeneous mixtures |
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| Heterogeneous |
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| not uniform without |
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| Pure substance |
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| has a fixed composition and differs from a mixture because it has exactly the same characteristic properties, and has exactly the same composition |
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| Groups/Families |
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| vertical columns of the periodic table |
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| Periods |
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| the horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table |
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| Metal |
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| an element that is a good electrical conductor and a good heat conductor |
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| Nonmetal |
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| is an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity |
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| Metalloid |
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| is an element that has some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of nonmetals |
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| Chemical |
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| is any substance that has a definite composition |
