chap. 4 IFSTA Pumping Apparatus Driver/Operator 2nd edition – Flashcards
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What is one of the most critical aspects of a driver/operators responsibilities?
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The ability to safely control and maneuver a fire apparatus.
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What percentage of all firefighter injuries and deaths in the US caused by vehicle collisions, as historically shown by NFPA?
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20-25%
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According to the DOT about how many civilians are killed in apparatus-related collisions compared to firefighters?
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About an Equal number of civilians to
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In the studies done by the Indiana University of Pennsylvania and the New York State Department of Health, what time of day did most emergency vehicle accidents occur?
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Daylight
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What are some of the more common problems for reckless driving by the public?
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-failure to obey posted traffic
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What is the first goal of a driver/operator?
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To get the apparatus and its crew to the scene in an expedient, yet safe and efficient manner.
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Statistics compiled by NIOSH and other organizations put the annual firefighter death toll due to vehicle roll over and collision at what?
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25
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Traffic accidents are the ______ leading cause of firefighter fatalities.
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second
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Fire apparatus collisions can be grouped into what 5 basic causes?
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1. Improper backing of the
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Excessive speed in an apparatus leads to one of what two types of collisions?
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-Control of the apparatus lost on a curve or adverse road surface, which may cause the vehicle to leave the road surface, roll over, or strike another vehicle or object. -The driver/operator is unable to stop the apparatus in time to avoid a collision with another vehicle or object.
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What are the factors that contribute to collisions that involve driver operator error?
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-Overconfidence in ones driving ability. -Inability to recognize a
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Weight of a gallon of water
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8.33 lbs
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Weight of a gallon of fuel oil
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7.12 lbs
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When can a fire apparatus proceed past a stopped school bus with it's lights on?
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Only after the bus driver or a police officer gives a proper signal.
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Unless the apparatus has a block heater, it should be left to idle before being put into road gear for how long on non-emergencies? And for emergencies?
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3-5 min non-emergency Only a few seconds for emergencies
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In a study of commercial drivers by SAE, it was determined that what in what percentage of all collisions, was the driver operator not aware of a problem until it was too late to correct it?
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42% of all collisions
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Weight of a gallon of gasoline
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5.6 lbs
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Most driving regulations apply to what type of conditions?
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Dry, clear roads during daylight conditions.
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If a driver/operator if found negligent in the operation of an emergency vehicle and becomes involved in a collision, who can be found responsible?
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Both the driver operator and the fire department.
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What is the first thing a driver/operator needs to know before starting and apparatus, especially on emergency response conditions?
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Where the apparatus is going.
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What is the first step in starting a apparatus?
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Disconnect all ground shore lines
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The starter control should be operated in intervals of no more than __ sec, with a rest of __sec between each try if the vehicle does not start.
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30 sec; 60 sec
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This prohibits the parking brake from being disengaged before there is enough air pressure in the system to operate the service brakes.
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Interlock
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When driving an apparatus with a manual transmission, what should you do when driving downhill?
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Select a lower gear before starting downhill and remain in gear at all times.
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What should not be attempted when manually changing gears on an automatic transmission?
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Do not attempt to jump more than one gear at a time.
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On an apparatus equipped with two batteries the battery switch may have what four settings?
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1. Off 2. Battery 1 3. Battery 2 4. Both
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Stop the engine immediately if the oil pressure gauge does not indicate a reasonable amount of pressure with-in how long?
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5-10 seconds
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When operating an apparatus with a manual transmission, when should you shift into a lower gear on a sharp curve or intersection?
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Before they are entered.
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When driving an apparatus with an automatic transmission, when would it be desirable to select a lower gear?
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When operating at slow speeds for a long period of time or when driving up a steep hill.
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This occurs when the throttle is applied while the transmission is in too high a gear for a given set of conditions.
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Lugging
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What occurs when a diesel motor is over-throttled?
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More fuel is injected than can be burned, resulting in an excessive amount of carbon particles issuing from the exhaust, oil dilution, and additional fuel consumption.
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Long idling periods can result in the consumption of how much fuel per hour?
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½ gallon
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When an engine must be left idling for an extended period of time, what should the idle speed be set to?
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900-1100 rpm
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What are the 6 steps to shutting down an apparatus?
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Step 1: Place the transmission
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What are the three exceptions for when someone may ride in an apparatus without a seatbelt?
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-when providing care to a patient in the back of an ambulance -when loading hose onto a fire apparatus -when performing training for personnel learning to drive the tiller portion of a tractor-drawn aerial apparatus
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What can be engaged to limit the use of the service brakes by the driver/operator?
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The engine brake or retarder
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Long periods of idling can cause what to happen to the engine?
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Build-up of carbon in injectors, valves, pistons, and valve seats; misfiring because of injector carboning; and damage to the turbocharger shaft seals.
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How long should an engine be left to idle to cool down?
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3-5 minutes
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What NFPA standard requires that a seat and seatbelt be provided within the cab or body of the apparatus for every firefighter who is expected to ride in the vehicle?
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NFPA 1901
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What NFPA standard provides specific directions on how driving to load LDH should be performed?
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NFPA 1500
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What are the specific directions provided by NFPA 1500 to load LDH on the back of the apparatus while moving?
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-procedure must be contained in the department SOP. -One person, other than driver or loaders, must be assigned as a safety observer. -the area where it is being performed must be closed to traffic. - Apparatus must be driven in a forward direction at no >5mph. -no one allowed to stand on any portion of vehicle while it is in motion -Members in the hose bed must sit or kneel while apparatus is in motion.
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Whenever possible, driver operators should avoid doing what? What is a safer alternative?
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Avoid backing, it is normally safer and sometimes quicker to drive around the block and start again.
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Driving in the oncoming lane is not recommended in situations where.....
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Oncoming traffic is unable to see the apparatus.
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What are five control factors in defensive driving?
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-Aim high in steering -Get the big picture. -Keep your eyes moving. -Leave yourself an "out." -Make sure others can see and hear you.
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The distance a vehicle travels while a driver is transferring the foot from the accelerator to the brake pedal after perceiving the need for stopping.
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Reaction distance
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NFPA 1500 states that no one is allowed to ride on what places on the apparatus while it is in motion?
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-Tailboard -Front bumper -Running boards
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If you do not have or cannot see your spotter, what?
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Do not back the apparatus
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Where are the most likely places for an emergency vehicle to have a collision?
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In an intersection
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Some departments train their driver/operators to practice looking __seconds ahead on city streets and __ seconds ahead on highways.
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12 seconds - 20 seconds
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The sum of the driver/operator's reaction distance and the vehicles braking distance.
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Total stopping distance
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The distance the vehicle travels from the time the brakes are applied until the apparatus comes to a complete stop.
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Braking distance
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"objects in motion tend to remain in motion; objects at rest tend to remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force."
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Law of inertia
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The ABS computer makes decisions more than how many times per second until the vehicle is brought to a halt?
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20 times
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When an apparatus equipped with air brakes goes into a skid, what should the driver operator do?
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-Release the brakes to allow the wheels to rotate freely -Turn into the skid -Once controllable gradually apply power to further control the vehicle by giving traction.
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ATC works automatically in what two ways?
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-When a wheel begins to spin, the ATC applies pressure to that wheels brake, transferring the torque to the wheels that aren't. -when all wheels spin, the ATC reduces the engine torque to provide improved traction.
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Factors that influence a driver/operator's ability to stop the apparatus
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-Condition and slope of the driving surface -speed being travelled -Weight of the vehicle -Type and condition of the vehicle's braking system.
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Tires that are over inflated or lacking adequate tread depth make the apparatus more susceptible to what?
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skids
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On vehicles equipped with air brakes, there is a momentary delay of how long from when the pedal is pushed down until sufficient air is sent to the brake to operate?
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0.4 seconds
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Many vehicles equipped with an ABS are also equipped with what?
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ATC (Automatic Traction Control
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What guidelines should be used to ensure safe passing when a passenger vehicle does not yield the right of way?
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-Always travel in the innermost lane on a multilane road. -Avoid passing vehicles on their right side. -Make sure you can see that the opposing lanes of traffic are clear if you must cross the center line. -Avoid passing other emergency vehicles if possible; if you must, communicate it over the radio.
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What areas should driver operators recognize as becoming slippery first?
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-Bridge surfaces -northern slopes of hills -shaded spots -Areas where snow is blowing across the roadway
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How many more times distance does it take for a vehicle to come to a complete stop on snow and ice, compared to dry concrete?
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3-15 times more
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Civilian drivers respond better to sounds that frequently what?
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Change pitch
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At speeds of 40MPH, an emergency vehicle's sirens can project how far in front of them?
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300 FT
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When more than one emergency vehicle are traveling the same route they should travel at least how far apart?
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300-500 FT
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Snow chains tend to lose their effectiveness in snow deeper than what?
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8 inches
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Type of traction control for tandem rear axles where it allows different speeds between the two rear axles.
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Interaxle, differential lock, power divider, or third differentia
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At speeds above 50MPH, emergency vehicles will outrun the effective range of what?
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Audible warning devices
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At speeds of 60MPH, an emergency vehicle's sirens can project how far in front of them?
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12 Ft
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A _________ moving quickly across the back window of a vehicle may get the driver's attention.
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Spotlight
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A common system for controlling traffic signals to change them to green for an approaching emergency vehicle and red for all others directions of travel.
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Preemption device
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In an alley dock, the boundary lines for the restricted area should be __ft wide. Along one side and perpendicular in another area __ft wide and __ft deep.
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40;12;20
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The Confined Space Turn-around should be performed in an area that is at least __ft wide and ___ft long.
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50 ft; 100 ft
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NFPA 1002 states that a road test that leads to certification should have a downgrade steep enough to require what?
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Downshift and braking
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Spinning wheels while the interaxle differential is locked could result in what?
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Damage to the axle
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All fire apparatus training and testing should follow the requirements contained in what NFPA standard?
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NFPA 1451 Standard for a Fire Service Vehicle Operations Training Program.
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In the serpentine course the markers should be between __-__ft apart depending on the size of the apparatus being used.
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30-38 ft
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NFPA 1002 states that a road test that leads to certification should have at least how many left turns, and right turns?
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4 and 4
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You must lift your foot from the accelerator when activating the differential lock, and do not activate it while one or more of the wheels is doing what?
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Slipping or spinning
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NFPA 1002 states that a road test that leads to certification should have at least how many curves?
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One, either right or left
