Chap 20, other baroque instrumental music – Flashcards
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organ, harpsichord, and clavichord
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the ___, ____, and ____ were the main keyboard instruments of the Baroque era
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trio sonata
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Arcangelo Corelli established the model for the ___ ____, the favorite form of instrumental chamber music in the Baroque
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sonatas
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____ were also written for solo instruments. Dominico Scarlatti contributed over 550 solo keyboard sonatas
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chorale preludes; preludes; fugues
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J.S. Bach's keyboard music includes ___ ____ (short organ works elaborating on a chorale melody) and ___ and ___ (free-form pieces followed by strict imitative pieces)
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Well-Tempered Clavier; The Art of the Fugue
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Bach's ___ - _____ ______ is his most famous collection of preludes and fugues, and ___ ___ __ ____ is his last and most comprehensive example of contrapuntal writing.
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ground bass
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Baroque instrumental music was often set in forms built on a repeating bass (___ ____)
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Rococo; sentimental
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The French ___ and the German "___" styles ushered in the new Classical era
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organ
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used in church & home, had a pure, transparent timbre
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harpsichord
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different from modern piano in 2 ways - strings were plucked by quills, tone could not be sustained like that of a piano - pressure of the fingers on the keys varied the tone only slightly, producing subtle dynamic nuances but not the piano's extremes of loud and soft
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clavichord
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favorite instrument for the home. soft, gent tone was produced by the action of a metal tangent (lever) that exerted pressure on a string, allowing for some delicate effects not available on the harpsichord
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sonata
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consisted of either a movement in several sections or several movements that contrasted in temp and texture
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sonata da camera (or chamber sonata)
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usually a group of stylized dances
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sonata da chiesa (or church sonata)
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more serious in tone and more contrapuntal in texture, its four movements arranged in the sequence slow-fast-slow-fast
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trio sonatas
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two violins + basso continuo (often 2 performers, cellist or bassoonist and harpsichordist or organist)
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rounded binary form
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2nd section is longer and brings back ideas from the opening
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grace notes
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small ornamental notes that are played quicklly
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passacaglia
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structured repeating bass line or ground bass
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chaconne
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built on a succession of harmonic progressions repeated over & over
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prelude
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a short study based on the continuous expansion of a melodic or rhythmic figure
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toccata
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free, often highly virtuostic, form
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chorale preludes & chorale variations
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body of instrumental works. developed in which organ virtuosity of the highest level was combined with inspired improvisation
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fugue
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a contrapuntal composition in which a single theme pervades the entire fabric, entering in one voice (or instrumental line) and then in another
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subject
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main theme
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answer
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imitation by another voice
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exposition
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at end
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episodes
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interludes that serve as areas of relaxation
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augmentation
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a melody presented in longer time values (often twice as slow as the original)
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diminution
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shorter time values that go by faster
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opera buffa
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Italian comic opera
