question

many of the capsules, pills, and powders that look like drugs and that consumers think of as drugs are actually classified by the FDA as

answer

food products

question

if you buy a bottle of St. John's wort 300 mg tablets, each tablet will contain 300 mg of

answer

total tablet weight, with an unknown amount of plant material or ingredients

question

the 1994 dietary supplement health and education act

answer

expanded the definition of dietary supplements and restricted the FDAs regulatory authority over them

question

the FDA was given additional authority over dietary supplements in 2006 to set up

answer

an "adverse effects reporting" process

question

SAMe is a dietary supplement that has some research support for it possible use in treating

answer

depression

question

what dietary supplement ingredient has been tested for its ability to improve memory in alzheimers disease, but has produced only small and unreliable improvements in published research

answer

ginkgo biloba

question

the US marker for over the counter drug products totals about

answer

18 billion

question

because of the way the FDA reviews and approves OTC drugs

answer

various brands of a given type of remedy usually contain the same few active ingredients

question

the 2006 revised patriot act required that products containing _______ be kept behind the counter and buyers must show ID and sign for their purchase

answer

psuedoephedrine

question

the only active ingredient the FDA allows in OTC stimulants is

answer

caffeine

question

starting in 2007, the only FDA approved OTC weight control ingredient is

answer

orlistat

question

OTC drugs approved as sleep aids contain

answer

antihistamine such as diphenydramine

question

Acetylsalicylic acid was developed in the bayer lab and sold under the name

answer

aspirin

question

besides pain relief, another important effect of aspirin is as a

answer

fever reducer

question

aspirin should not be used with children who have a viral infection because of increased risk in

answer

Reyes syndrome

question

The generic name for tylenol and Datril

answer

acetominophen

question

NASID stand for

answer

non-steroidal anti-inflammatoy drug

question

cold viruses are usually transmitted

answer

by being picked up on the hands and touching your eyes or nose

question

why would you want dextromethorphan in a cold remedy

answer

cough suppressant

question

there has been some reported abuse by young people of products containing ______, which they take high doses to produce visual and auditory hallucinations

answer

dextromethorphan

question

the acronym GRAS stands for

answer

generally recognized as safe

question

Suppose you had a fever, a headache and a swollen knee. which medication would be most appropriate for the 3 symptoms

answer

ibuprofen

question

alcoholic beverages form when yeasts act upon sugars in the process of

answer

fermentation

question

heating a solution of alcohol and water, then collecting the alcohol vapors and condensing them into a liquid with a higher alcohol content is called

answer

distillation

question

the alcoholic content of beverages is indicated by the term proof which is

answer

twice the percentage of alcohol

question

in most commercial beers sold in the US, the alcohol content is about

answer

4%

question

many large commercial distilleries produce grain neutral spirits which are

answer

95% pure alcohol, the basis gin and vodka

question

when alcohol is formed, other related substances are also formed called

answer

congeners

question

although national prohibition of alcohol did reduce alcohol related deaths and hospitalization, it was repealed partly because of the growth of organized crime and partly because

answer

of a desire to reduce income tax

question

age 21 became the legal drinking age in all US states in what year?

answer

1988

question

amercians drink most of their alcohol in the form of

answer

beer

question

total per capita consumption of alcohol

answer

has declined considerably from its peak in 1981

question

about what percentage of college students report drinking alcohol at least once within the past month?

answer

60%

question

which of these substances speeds up the absorption of alcohol

answer

carbonated liquids

question

one major facto determining individual differences in BAC after drinking alcohol is

answer

proportion of body fat

question

although he exact mechanisms for alcohol's action in the brain are not completely understood, it is now believed that the most important of its many effects is

answer

enhancing GABA's inhibitory effects

question

in a typical person, intoxication to the point of staggering and greatly impaired sensory perception occurs at about what BAC?

answer

.25%

question

the livers enzyme primarily responsible for metabolizing alcohol is

answer

alcohol dehydrogenase

question

at BAC of .08, the relative risk of being involved in a fatal auto crash is about

answer

3 times as great for a sober driver

question

the total number of alcohol related traffic fatalities per year in the US

answer

has declined from the peak year of 1980

question

which of the following are signs of alcohol poisoning

answer

breathing rate is slow or irregular, skin is cold and clammy, vomiting and then loss of consciousness

question

breath samples to determine BAC

answer

provide an accurate indicator of BAC across a wide range

question

fairly high doses of alcohol interfere with erection of the penis in males, probably because of

answer

impaired processing of erotic signals

question

in studies relating to alcohol use,

answer

about half of all murderers and about half of all victims had been drinking

question

over one thousand people die in the US each year from alcohol overdose. it id particularly dangerous

answer

to begin drinking again after vomiting

question

heavy drinkers with Wernicke's disease also usually exhibit memory deficits and other mental problems associated with

answer

Korsakooff's psychosis

question

cirrhosis of the liver can result from drinking alcohol

answer

in larger amounts for ten years or more

question

among women classified as problem drinkers, the rate of FAS is about

answer

23-29 per 1000 births

question

tremors, hallucinations, delusions, and seizures are all symptoms associated with

answer

alcohol withdrawal syndrome

question

the legend of the discovery of coffee relates to

answer

kaldi and the dancing goats

question

the early history of coffee included a 1674 pamphlet from england titled

answer

the womens petition against coffee

question

in the 18th century coffee houses were referred to as

answer

penny universities

question

the largest exporters of coffee to the US are

answer

colombia, brazil, and vietnam

question

green, black and oolong tea are all prepared from leaves of

answer

camellia sinensis

question

the worlds largest per capita consumers of tea are found in

answer

turkey

question

_____is prescribed to asthma sufferers because it releases bronchial passages camellia sinensis, theobromine, exanthine, theophylline

answer

theophylline

question

Theobroma, the genus name for the cocao tree, is latin for

answer

food of the gods

question

most regular brewed teas have about how much caffeine per cup

answer

40-60 mg (about 1/2 amount in coffee)

question

the unique xanthine in chocolate is: hysocine, diphenhydramine, theobromine, methylene chloride

answer

theobromine

question

in 1909, the FDA seized some Coca-Cola syrup and filed charges against the company partly because

answer

the syrup contained caffeine

question

according to current FDA rules on cola drinks

answer

they cannot contain more than 6 mg caffeine per ounce

question

the max CNS effect of caffeine is reached about ___ after drinking coffee

answer

2 hours

question

the most consistent withdrawal symptom after chronic caffeine use is

answer

headache

question

caffeine works in the brain by

answer

blocking adenosine receptors

question

one important determinant of the behavioral effects of caffeine is

answer

whether the person is a regular user

question

caffeine had been shown to be an effective treatment for

answer

migrane headaches

question

drinking 5 or more cups of coffee per day

answer

slightly increases the risk of heart attack

question

caffeine is thought to relieve headaches because it's

answer

a vasoconstrictor

question

tobacco use became popular in european culture because

answer

it was associated with wealth and status

question

during the 18th century, which method of use of tobacco increased in england?

answer

snuff

question

chewing was the most popular form of tobacco use until about 1900, but by 1920 the most popular form was

answer

cigars

question

over 90 percent of all US cigarettes sold now are

answer

filter cigarettes

question

per capita sales of cigarettes in the US began to decline

answer

after the 1964 surgeon generals report

question

in 2000, the US supreme court ruled that the FDA

answer

had no authority to regulate tobacco products

question

people who switch to low tar and nicotine brand cigarettes

answer

typically take more and deeper puffs and probably get no safety benefits

question

one big factor associated with lower rates of cigarette smoking among adults is

answer

high level of educations

question

the biggest health concerns for users of smokeless tobacco has been

answer

cancer

question

one recent fad in tobacco use has been

answer

hookahs

question

although lung cancer is not common, about ____ percent of all lung cancers occur in smokers

answer

80%

question

Annual smoking attributable mortality in the US is estimated at

answer

440,000

question

in 1993, the environmental protection agency declared that

answer

secondhand smoke is known as a carcinogen

question

one of the most consistent and best documented effects of cigarette smoking during pregnancy is

answer

low birth weight

question

nicotine acts in the brain by

answer

first stimulating and then blocking cholinergic receptors

question

as a potent poison, nicotine causes death by

answer

paralysis of respiration muscles

question

the psychological effect of cigarette smoking is

answer

arousal and activation - a mild stimulant effect calm and relaxation- a mild anti anxiety effect

question

recent research on dependence produced by nicotine has focused on genetic differenced related to

answer

acetylcholine receptors

question

about 90% of the more than 40 million former smokers in the US report that

answer

they quit smoking without a treatment program

question

(p. 254) The world's greatest per-capita consumers of tea are found in

answer

Turkey

question

(p. 252) Most American coffee comes from China.

answer

false

question

(p. 234) New battery-powered electronic cigarettes (i.e., tobacco-less nicotine delivery systems) are quickly becoming one the largest U.S. exports.

answer

false

chap 12, chap 9, chap 11: caffeine, chap 10 – Flashcards

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