Ch. 9 Sec. 5 Mr. Rodio – Flashcards
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Bubonic Plague
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Also called the Black Death; a deadly disease that killed one out of every three people in Europe during the Middle Ages.
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Black Death
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The epidemic form of bubonic plague.
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Epidemic
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A widespread outbreak of an infectious disease.
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Plague
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Any large scale calamity.
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Calamity
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An event resulting in great loss.
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Bubonic
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Evidence of buboes.
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Buboes
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Swollen lymph nodes.
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Lymph Nodes
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Part of the immune system.
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Immune System
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A system that protects the body.
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Infectious Disease
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A disease transmitted by a specific kind of contact.
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Babylonian Captivity
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The period when the Israelites became known as the Jews; and the Jews were forced into captivity in Babylon.
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John Wycliffe
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English theologian who objected to Church corruption and doctrines.
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Jan Hus
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Czechoslovakian who called for Church reforms in Bohemia and was later burned at the stake for being a heretic.
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Hundred Years' War
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A series of conflicts between England and France (1337-1453). France won, and Joan of Arc was a major figure in their victory.
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Joan of Arc
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A 17-year old peasant who led the French to victory in the 100 Years' War. She was burned at the stake and named a saint.
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Main Idea 5
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Plague, upheaval in the Church and war made the 1300s and 1400s a time of crisis for Europeans.
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Longbow
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A powerful wooden bow drawn by hand.
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1050 - 1450
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The High Middle Ages.
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1096
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Christians launch the First Crusade against the Muslims.
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1215
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King John signs the Magna Carta.
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Magna Carta
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The royal charter of political rights given by King John in 1215.
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1300
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Monarchs in Western Europe were increasing their power and building strong united kingdoms.
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1347
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Black Death breaks out in Italy.
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1429
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The French led by Joan of Arc defeat the English. She then marches triumphantly into Orleans.
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Orleans
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A city in France.
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1492
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The Spanish complete the Reconquista. Columbus discovers America.
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Reconquista
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Christian leaders drive the Muslims out of Spain.
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How did the Black Death cause social and economic decline?
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Normal life in Europe broke down because 25 million people (1 in 3) died. As owners and workers died, production declined. Those who did not die had to work longer and harder, so they asked for more pay. They got more pay, but this led to inflation (higher prices). This led to a push for laws to limit wages, which sparked revolts.
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Inflation
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An increase in prices.
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What problems afflicted the Church in the Late Middle Ages?
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Many priests, monks and other people died. Those who survived wondered why God had spared them but not others. Pope Clement V wasted money moving the papal court to Avignon (this was called the Babylonian Captivity of the Church). There was a schism within the Church, which resulted in there being three popes at the same time. This crisis was ended by the Council of Constance.
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Council of Constance
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The council that ended the Great Schism in 1414-1418.
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Babylonian Captivity of the Church
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The time when Popes resided in Avignon, France (not Rome, Italy).
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Schism
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The division of the Church into opposing factions.
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What were the causes of the 100 Years' War?
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English rulers wanted to hold onto their French lands and French kings wanted to extend their power in France so they fought each other.
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What were the turning points of the 100 Years' War?
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English archers use longbows to overpower French archers. Joan of Arc rallied the French forces to victory. Cannons helped the French to capture and defeat the English.
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What were the effects of the 100 Years' War?
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France and England went their own separate ways. Castles and knights disappeared because of the new, deadly firepower (cannons instead of arrows). Feudal society changed because monarchs needed large armies (not vassals) to win wars.
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Vassal
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A knight who promised to support a lord in exchange for land.
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What were 3 effects of the bubonic plague on late medieval Europe?
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Production declined (not enough workers). Survivors demaded higher wages (they had to do more work). The soaring cost of labor caused inflation (higher prices).
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Why dd reformers criticize the Church? How did the Church respond?
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John Wycliffe said the Bible (not the Church) is the source of all Christian truth. His followers translated the Bible into English so they could read it for themselves. Then Jan Hus called for reforms in Bohemia; his followers were called the Hussites. The Church responded by persecuting Wycliffe and burning Jan Hus at the stake.
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How did new technologies affect the 100 Years' War, and what were the results?
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Longbows that could be fired very fast and pierce armor were a big help to the English. Cannons helped the French to capture castles and defeat England.
