ch. 9 Motivation and Emotion

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
abraham maslow
answer
american psychologist who was a major proponent of the humanistic movement in psychology
question
acquired (secondary) drives
answer
those drives that are learned through experience or conditioning, such as the need for money or social approval
question
amygdala
answer
brain structure located near the hippocampus, responsible for fear responses and memory of fear
question
anorexia nervosa
answer
a condition in which a person reduces eating to the point that a weight loss of 15% below the ideal body weight or more occurs
question
arousal theory of motivation
answer
theory of motivation in which people are said to have an optimal (best or ideal) level of tension that they seek to maintain by increasing or decreasing stimulation
question
basal metabolic rate
answer
the rate at which the body burns energy when the organism is resting
question
bulimia
answer
a condition in which a person develops a cycle of \"binging\" or overeating enormous amounts of food at one sitting, and \"purging\" or deliberately vomiting after eating
question
cannon-bard theory of emotion
answer
theory of emotion in which both the physical arousal and the labeling of that arousal based on cues from the environment must occur before the emotion is experienced
question
cognitive-mediational theory
answer
theory of emotion in which a stimulus must be interpreted (appraised) by a person in order to result in a physical response and an emotional reaction
question
common sense theory
answer
idea held by most people that a stimulus leads to the subjective experience of an emotion which then triggers a physiological response
question
display rules
answer
learned ways of controlling displays of emotion in social settings
question
drive
answer
a psychological tension and physical arousal arisng when there is a need that motivates the organism to act in order to fulfill the need and reduce the tension
question
drive reduction theory
answer
approach to motivation that assumes behavior arises from physiological needs which cause internal drives to push the organism to satisfy the need and reduce which cause internal drives to push the organism to satisfy the need and reduce tension and arousal
question
emotion
answer
the \"feeling\" aspect of consciousness, characterized by a certain physical arousal, a certain behavior that reveals the emotion to the outside world, and an inner awareness of feelings.
question
expectancy value theories
answer
a type of incentive theory that assumes the actions of humans cannot be predicted without understanding the beliefs, values, and the importance that a person attaches to those beliefs and values at any given moment
question
extrinsic motivation
answer
type of motivation in which a person performs an action because it leads to an outcome that is separate from or external to the person
question
facial feedback hypothesis
answer
theory of emotion which assumes that facial expressions provide feedback to the brain concerning the emotion being expressed, which in turn causes and intensifies the emotion
question
glucagons
answer
hormones that are secreted by the pancreas to control the levels of fats, proteins and carbohydrates in the body by increasing the level of glucose in the bloodstream
question
hierarchy of needs
answer
a theory of motivation proposed by Maslow which suggests that as people meet their basic needs they seek to satisfy successively higher needs as laid out in the hierarchy
question
homeostasis
answer
the tendency of the body to maintain a steady state
question
humanistic theory of motivation
answer
theories of motivation which focus on human potential and the drive to be the best person can be
question
hypothalamus
answer
small structure in the brain located below the thalamus and directly above the pituitary gland, responsible for motivational behavior such as sleep, hunger, thirst and sex
question
incentive theory of motivation
answer
theories of motivation in which behavior is explained as a response to the external stimulus and its rewarding properties
question
incentives
answer
things that attract or lure people into action
question
instinct approach of motivation
answer
approach to motivation that assumes people are governed by instincts similar to those of other animals
question
instincts
answer
the biologically determined and innate patterns of behavior that exist in both people and animals
question
insulin
answer
a hormone secreted by the pancreas to control the levels of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in the body by reducing the level of glucose in the bloodstream
question
intrinsic motivation
answer
type of motivation in which a person performs an action because the act itself is rewarding or satisfying in some internal manner
question
james lange theory of emotion
answer
theory in which physiological reaction leads to the labeling of an emotion
question
leptin
answer
a hormone that, when released into the bloodstream, signals the hypothalamus that the body has had enough food and reduces the appetite while increasing the feeling of being full
question
motivation
answer
the process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met
question
need
answer
a lack of some material (such as food or water) that is required for survival of the organism
question
need for achievement (nAch)
answer
a need which involves a strong desire to succeed in attaining goals, not only realistic ones but also challenging ones
question
need for affiliation (nAff)
answer
the need for friendly social interactions and relationships with others
question
need for power (nPow)
answer
the need to have control or influence over others
question
needs theory of motivation
answer
theory of motivation that examines the three specific needs for achievement, affiliation, and power
question
obesity
answer
condition in which a person weighs 20% or more over their ideal weight
question
peak experiences
answer
according to Maslow, times in a persons life during which self actualization is temporarily achieved
question
positive psychology
answer
a viewpoint that recommends shifting the focus of psychology away from the negative aspects to more positive focus on strengths, well being, and the pursuit of happiness
question
primary drives
answer
those drives that involve needs of the body such as hunger and thirst
question
Schachter and Stinger
answer
two psychologists responsible for proposing the cognitive arousal theory of emotions
question
self actualization
answer
according to Maslow, the seldom reached point at which people have sufficiently satisfied the lower needs and achieved their full human potential
question
self determination theory (SDT)
answer
theory of human motivation in which the social context of an action has an effect on the type of motivation existing for the action
question
sensation seeker
answer
someone who needs more arousal than the average person
question
stimulus motive
answer
a motive that appears to be unlearned but causes an increase in stimulation. An example of this motive is curiosity
question
weight set point
answer
the particular level of weight that the body tries to maintain
question
Yerkes Dodson law
answer
predicts that a certain level of arousal will be motivating, but too much arousal or too little arousal will decrease motivation. The optimal level of arousal appears to depend on the individual and the difficulty of the task
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New