Ch. 9 Feudal Europe & Ch. 10 Medieval Europe and the Ottoman Empire – Flashcards
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How did geography help shape the way of life in Europe during the Middle Ages?
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The continent of Europe occupies about one-fifth of what is known as the Eurasian land mass. Major geographic features make up Europe's general boundaries. The Mediterranean Sea is the southern boundary and in the east, Europe is separated from Asia by the Ural Mountains.
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What role did monasteries play in strengthening Christianity?
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Monasteries were places where religious followers called monks practiced a life of prayer and worship. In monasteries, monks studied Christian works and made copies of the Bible By doing so, they preserved and promoted the ideas and beliefs of Christianity.
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What role did vassals play in the structure of feudalism?
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They served the lords in courts or the army. Vassals hired knights to defend the lord and his property, the vassals paid taxes to their lords in return for their fief.
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How were serfs an important part of the manor system?
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The serfs lived and worked on the manors. They farmed the land which formed the economic basis of the manor system.
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Why were knights highly valued in medieval society?
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They were expected to demonstrate a strong religious faith and be willing to defend the Catholic Church. Knights were to protect women and the weak and fight against injustice and show courage in every battle they fought.
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Why did the tradespeople form guilds?
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They formed guilds to make rules that controlled the quantity and quality of production and to make sure everyone found employment.
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How were the codes of Bushido and Chivalry similar?
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They were both codes of honor to their lords and said they had to have a religious faith.
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What were the main cultural differences between feudal Europe and feudal Japan?
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Literature- Haiku vs Epic Poem Religion- Shintoism, Buddhism vs Christianity Women Rights- Equal status with men vs trained for household chores, no say in marriage
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What cultural traditions have survived from the Middle Ages in Japan?
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Weddings are usually based on a Shinto ceremony and the Shinto religion was widely practiced in Medieval Japan.
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Why was the Roman Catholic Church so powerful in Medieval Europe?
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The Catholic Church was very influential because of its structure and leadership. The church as a political institution in Medieval Europe was powerful and organized.
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Why did Pope Gregory VII excommunicate Emperor Henry IV?
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He excommunicated him because he wanted to have as much control over the officials possible.
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Why is Thomas Aquinas important?
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He was a great religious scholar who studied the writings of Aristotle.
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What economic effects did the Crusades have on Europe?
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Crusaders brought back Asian goods and Increased the trade along the Mediterranean to help European towns grow and made the role of urban merchants more important.
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Why were the Spanish and Portuguese kingdoms able to start taking back territory?
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They were able to start taking back territory when the Muslim unity on the Iberian Peninsula broke down.
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How were European Jews treated during the plague?
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The Jews were accused of causing the plague by poisoning water wells. They were driven out of many German towns during the plague.
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What were the two causes of the Hundred Years War?
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1) Fought for territory 2) Rights for sailing the channel
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How did political structures change during the Middle Ages?
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People kept moving from the country to towns seeking their fortune. Towns required stability to make business and trade more reliable.
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How did the decisions of England's royal judges help bring equality to English law?
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How did the English Parliament become the model for future representative institutions?
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How did the Suleyman's legal code help sultans run the Ottoman Empire?
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On which three continents did the Ottoman Empire claim territory?
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Africa, Asia, and Europe
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Why did the Ottomans allow Christians and Jews to organize into millets?
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