question

Countries that have completed the demographic transition typically have

answer

good use of technology and high per capita income.

question

One of China's current strategies to deal with its water shortage is to

answer

import more water intensive crops from the U.S., which has more water.

question

Which of the following are current limiting factors for future human population growth?

answer

pollution and land for agriculture

question

Within soil, a natural cycle of

answer

decomposers break down detritus to release nutrients used by producers.

question

The five main revolutions of human history have all resulted in

answer

an increase in human carrying capacity.

question

The 1994 Cairo population conference broadly agreed that slower population growth resulted from

answer

better health care, education, and employment for women.

question

Which one of the following is fed by groundwater and often drained by seeps or springs?

answer

aquifers

question

Population growth and fertility rates are lowest in

answer

upper-income countries.

question

Attention to which of the following would provide the greatest impact to all of the Millennium Development Goals?

answer

maternal pre-natal and post-natal care for mothers and infants

question

Which of the following involves blue water?

answer

percolation of water through soil

question

At the mouth of the Mississippi River, large concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus flow into the Gulf of Mexico, causing nutrient overloading, algal blooms, and extremely low levels of oxygen. Which revolutions are most responsible for this problem?

answer

Green Revolution and Industrial Revolution

question

Severe wildfires followed by heavy rains have significantly eroded the soil of a formerly forested region. Which one of the following horizons is most likely intact with little disturbance?

answer

C horizon

question

Hadley cells at the equator consist of

answer

rising, moist air that produces precipitation and rain forests, and falling dry air associated with deserts.

question

Which of the following analogies best illustrates the credit-debt trap?

answer

A person is only able to pay some of the interest, and none of the principal, of a large credit card bill.

question

Soils with the greatest water-holding capacity tend to have

answer

poor aeration and lowest workability.

question

In general, high poverty produces

answer

high fertility and greater environmental damage.

question

Better sanitation and nutrition generally resulted from the

answer

Medical Revolution.

question

Detritus feeders and decomposers are most likely found in the

answer

A and O horizon.

question

Which of the following would we expect on the leeward sides of high mountain ranges?

answer

deserts

question

Which problem today is primarily the result of the Industrial Revolution?

answer

extensive air and water pollution

question

We would expect that soil leaching would be most severe in regions where

answer

irrigation is applied to fields on hillsides.

question

How would we expect a Latin American country to change if it became industrialized and significantly increased per capita income?

answer

The green line would stay about the same, but the red line would drop to near the green level.

question

Which of the following is a uniquely human trait?

answer

ability to regulate our reproduction

question

Based upon soil particle size, the largest to smallest are

answer

sand, silt, and clay.

question

Countries caught in the poverty-population trap have experienced

answer

the benefits of modern medicine but not the benefits of economic development.

question

Examine the dependency ratio trends for the regions in this figure. The dependency ratio for high-income countries has risen because

answer

life-spans are longer following a demographic window.

question

If a plowed farm field was restored to natural prairie, we would expect that

answer

erosion of the soil would decrease.

question

What does the replacement-level fertility rate include that is not part of the total fertility rate?

answer

infant and childhood mortality

question

According to GLASOD, the he main risk of continuing degradation of agricultural land is

answer

declining agricultural productivity.

question

Which of the following are the greatest health threats in a developing country?

answer

conditions arising from poor nutrition and lack of hygiene

question

As a cold front moves into an area of warm, moist air, we would expect to see cloud formation as

answer

the warm air rises and condenses.

question

We expect the highest relative humidity on a soccer field during the summer on a

answer

cool evening after a heavy rain.

question

Citizens of the poorest countries may resent restrictions on carbon emissions imposed by wealthy countries because developed countries

answer

have a greater impact on the environment.

question

Which one of the following soil horizons is least likely to be interacting directly with living organisms?

answer

C horizon

question

The detritus food web illustrated in the lower right of this diagram primarily occurs in the

answer

O horizon.

question

Which of the following will slow the rate of global population increases?

answer

delaying the age of first reproduction

question

The greatest human population increases over the next few decades is expected to occur in

answer

Africa.

question

The Dust Bowl experience of the United States in the 1930s was caused primarily by

answer

lack of any soil conservation practices, continuous cropping, coupled with natural drought.

question

The most recent Cairo population conference in 1994 found widespread agreement that the greatest way to help developing countries was to

answer

limit their population growth.

question

The dust storm in Arizona in 2011

answer

was triggered by drought conditions similar to those of the 1930s Dust Bowl.

question

Which of the following farming practices would be expected to produce the least nutrient leaching, and thus contribute most to soil sustainability?

answer

no plowing, no irrigation, and the use of organic fertilizers

question

China's current need to increase its water supply is rooted in

answer

the need to grow more crops to support its growing population.

question

The Three Gorges Dam

answer

is the largest hydroelectric project in the world.

question

In which of the following agricultural situations are fertilizers least needed?

answer

A natural prairie pasture where cattle feed and defecate.

question

A soil is found to have 50% sand, 30% silt, and 20% clay. This soil would be referred to as

answer

loamy.

question

To enforce China's one-child policy, the government

answer

instituted an elaborate system of economic and social incentives and penalties.

question

Examine the relationships between poverty, environmental degradation, and fertility. We would expect that increased industrialization and development would affect the poverty cycle by

answer

increasing the use of contraceptives.

question

This photograph best represents the results of which three revolutions?

answer

Neolithic Revolution, Industrial Revolution, and Green Revolution

question

Which of the following contributes the most as a greenhouse gas?

answer

water vapor levels in the air

question

Water in the oceans may become fresh water available to humans through the processes of

answer

evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.

question

A surprising new finding in the battle against AIDS reveals that HIV transmission in heterosexual relationships is reduced if

answer

the male is circumcised.

question

How do the populations of the United States and India compare today?

answer

India has almost four times the population of the United States.

question

Which one of the following statements about the figure above is true?

answer

The declining size of bars from age 40-44 to age 30-34 most likely represents declining fertility rates.

question

Which of the following situations is most likely to have the lowest infiltration-runoff ratio?

answer

a paved parking lot

question

Which one of the following soil types will hold the most water? The most water would be held by a soil consisting of equal masses of

answer

silt and clay.

question

Thailand has experienced a dramatic drop in fertility rate, increased per capita income and an increase in life expectancy between 1960 and 2005. These are all signs that Thailand

answer

has undergone demographic transition.

question

The age structure of the country in this figure reflects

answer

a fertility rate that has declined.

question

Compared to the windward side, the leeward side of this mountain range will most likely have

answer

lower levels of transpiration and precipitation.

question

With its devastating impact on global health, AIDS

answer

deaths have declined due to increased funding from developed countries.

question

The very deep roots of many prairie plants that have decomposed over thousands of years have contributed to the high fertility of the

answer

A horizon of molisols.

question

In this figure, the width of each bar includes a measure of the

answer

mortality within the age group.

question

Which of the following human traits are typical of K-strategists?

answer

parental care of long duration

question

Which one of the following soil orders is the most typical of drylands and deserts?

answer

aridisols

question

Gutters and storm sewers in a city are most concerned with the

answer

surface runoff loop.

question

The increased reliance upon raw materials from many parts of the world resulted from which revolution?

answer

Industrial Revolution

question

A country with a declining fertility rate below 2.0

answer

All of the above. (will have a population declining in size; will be graying; is increasingly common in highly developed nations)

question

The rerouting of the Mississippi to increase the efficiency of movements of steamboats and barges was the result of the

answer

Industrial Revolution.

question

Which of the following is true?

answer

More than 20% of cultivated land was degraded between 1989 and 2003.

question

The decline of the polar ice caps because of increasing temperatures at the poles will

answer

decrease the largest reserve of fresh water on Earth.

question

China's one-child policy was adopted because

answer

it was clear the nation could not live within the limit of its resources if the population continued to grow.

question

With billions of dollars already spent to fight AIDS and the need for much more money, which of the following represents the best strategy to fight AIDS in the world?

answer

increase preventive measures to slow new infections, especially changes in sexual behavior

question

China's current rush to construct dams and transport water over long distances is a response to

answer

producing more water for crop irrigation, urban use and for hydroelectric projects.

question

Why is the green line lower in Latin America than it is in Sub-Saharan Africa?

answer

Latin American communities have better use of modern medicine.

question

Although people living in the highest-density populations in urban areas generally live long, healthy lives, global overpopulation remains a problem because

answer

environmental impacts are not always experienced where resources are consumed.

question

Which of the following is more related to water quality than water quantity?

answer

sewage treatment facilities

question

Desalination plants, such as the one just completed in Tampa Bay,

answer

None of the above.

question

India's improvements in food production and health care have

answer

been offset by tremendous growth in population size.

question

After joining the Peace Corps, your assignment is to help spread good agricultural practices to people living in the humid tropics. After receiving training, you tell the local farmers to

answer

start a water catchment, apply manure and mulch to their fields and avoid tilling the soil if possible.

question

In the figure, blue water is represented by

answer

rain.

question

This figure reveals

answer

a soil profile.

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