Ch.8-11 Enviro – Flashcards
80 test answers
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers 80question
The five main revolutions of human history have all resulted in
answer
an increase in human carrying capacity.
Unlock the answer
question
The 1994 Cairo population conference broadly agreed that slower population growth resulted from
answer
better health care, education, and employment for women.
Unlock the answer
question
Which one of the following is fed by groundwater and often drained by seeps or springs?
answer
aquifers
Unlock the answer
question
Population growth and fertility rates are lowest in
answer
upper-income countries.
Unlock the answer
question
Attention to which of the following would provide the greatest impact to all of the Millennium Development Goals?
answer
maternal pre-natal and post-natal care for mothers and infants
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following involves blue water?
answer
percolation of water through soil
Unlock the answer
question
At the mouth of the Mississippi River, large concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus flow into the Gulf of Mexico, causing nutrient overloading, algal blooms, and extremely low levels of oxygen. Which revolutions are most responsible for this problem?
answer
Green Revolution and Industrial Revolution
Unlock the answer
question
Severe wildfires followed by heavy rains have significantly eroded the soil of a formerly forested region. Which one of the following horizons is most likely intact with little disturbance?
answer
C horizon
Unlock the answer
question
Hadley cells at the equator consist of
answer
rising, moist air that produces precipitation and rain forests, and falling dry air associated with deserts.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following analogies best illustrates the credit-debt trap?
answer
A person is only able to pay some of the interest, and none of the principal, of a large credit card bill.
Unlock the answer
question
Soils with the greatest water-holding capacity tend to have
answer
poor aeration and lowest workability.
Unlock the answer
question
In general, high poverty produces
answer
high fertility and greater environmental damage.
Unlock the answer
question
Better sanitation and nutrition generally resulted from the
answer
Medical Revolution.
Unlock the answer
question
Detritus feeders and decomposers are most likely found in the
answer
A and O horizon.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following would we expect on the leeward sides of high mountain ranges?
answer
deserts
Unlock the answer
question
Which problem today is primarily the result of the Industrial Revolution?
answer
extensive air and water pollution
Unlock the answer
question
We would expect that soil leaching would be most severe in regions where
answer
irrigation is applied to fields on hillsides.
Unlock the answer
question
How would we expect a Latin American country to change if it became industrialized and significantly increased per capita income?
answer
The green line would stay about the same, but the red line would drop to near the green level.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following is a uniquely human trait?
answer
ability to regulate our reproduction
Unlock the answer
question
Based upon soil particle size, the largest to smallest are
answer
sand, silt, and clay.
Unlock the answer
question
Countries caught in the poverty-population trap have experienced
answer
the benefits of modern medicine but not the benefits of economic development.
Unlock the answer
question
Examine the dependency ratio trends for the regions in this figure. The dependency ratio for high-income countries has risen because
answer
life-spans are longer following a demographic window.
Unlock the answer
question
If a plowed farm field was restored to natural prairie, we would expect that
answer
erosion of the soil would decrease.
Unlock the answer
question
What does the replacement-level fertility rate include that is not part of the total fertility rate?
answer
infant and childhood mortality
Unlock the answer
question
According to GLASOD, the he main risk of continuing degradation of agricultural land is
answer
declining agricultural productivity.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following are the greatest health threats in a developing country?
answer
conditions arising from poor nutrition and lack of hygiene
Unlock the answer
question
As a cold front moves into an area of warm, moist air, we would expect to see cloud formation as
answer
the warm air rises and condenses.
Unlock the answer
question
We expect the highest relative humidity on a soccer field during the summer on a
answer
cool evening after a heavy rain.
Unlock the answer
question
Citizens of the poorest countries may resent restrictions on carbon emissions imposed by wealthy countries because developed countries
answer
have a greater impact on the environment.
Unlock the answer
question
Which one of the following soil horizons is least likely to be interacting directly with living organisms?
answer
C horizon
Unlock the answer
question
The detritus food web illustrated in the lower right of this diagram primarily occurs in the
answer
O horizon.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following will slow the rate of global population increases?
answer
delaying the age of first reproduction
Unlock the answer
question
The greatest human population increases over the next few decades is expected to occur in
answer
Africa.
Unlock the answer
question
The Dust Bowl experience of the United States in the 1930s was caused primarily by
answer
lack of any soil conservation practices, continuous cropping, coupled with natural drought.
Unlock the answer
question
The most recent Cairo population conference in 1994 found widespread agreement that the greatest way to help developing countries was to
answer
limit their population growth.
Unlock the answer
question
The dust storm in Arizona in 2011
answer
was triggered by drought conditions similar to those of the 1930s Dust Bowl.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following farming practices would be expected to produce the least nutrient leaching, and thus contribute most to soil sustainability?
answer
no plowing, no irrigation, and the use of organic fertilizers
Unlock the answer
question
China's current need to increase its water supply is rooted in
answer
the need to grow more crops to support its growing population.
Unlock the answer
question
The Three Gorges Dam
answer
is the largest hydroelectric project in the world.
Unlock the answer
question
In which of the following agricultural situations are fertilizers least needed?
answer
A natural prairie pasture where cattle feed and defecate.
Unlock the answer
question
A soil is found to have 50% sand, 30% silt, and 20% clay. This soil would be referred to as
answer
loamy.
Unlock the answer
question
To enforce China's one-child policy, the government
answer
instituted an elaborate system of economic and social incentives and penalties.
Unlock the answer
question
Examine the relationships between poverty, environmental degradation, and fertility. We would expect that increased industrialization and development would affect the poverty cycle by
answer
increasing the use of contraceptives.
Unlock the answer
question
This photograph best represents the results of which three revolutions?
answer
Neolithic Revolution, Industrial Revolution, and Green Revolution
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following contributes the most as a greenhouse gas?
answer
water vapor levels in the air
Unlock the answer
question
Water in the oceans may become fresh water available to humans through the processes of
answer
evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.
Unlock the answer
question
A surprising new finding in the battle against AIDS reveals that HIV transmission in heterosexual relationships is reduced if
answer
the male is circumcised.
Unlock the answer
question
How do the populations of the United States and India compare today?
answer
India has almost four times the population of the United States.
Unlock the answer
question
Which one of the following statements about the figure above is true?
answer
The declining size of bars from age 40-44 to age 30-34 most likely represents declining fertility rates.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following situations is most likely to have the lowest infiltration-runoff ratio?
answer
a paved parking lot
Unlock the answer
question
Which one of the following soil types will hold the most water? The most water would be held by a soil consisting of equal masses of
answer
silt and clay.
Unlock the answer
question
Thailand has experienced a dramatic drop in fertility rate, increased per capita income and an increase in life expectancy between 1960 and 2005. These are all signs that Thailand
answer
has undergone demographic transition.
Unlock the answer
question
The age structure of the country in this figure reflects
answer
a fertility rate that has declined.
Unlock the answer
question
Compared to the windward side, the leeward side of this mountain range will most likely have
answer
lower levels of transpiration and precipitation.
Unlock the answer
question
With its devastating impact on global health, AIDS
answer
deaths have declined due to increased funding from developed countries.
Unlock the answer
question
The very deep roots of many prairie plants that have decomposed over thousands of years have contributed to the high fertility of the
answer
A horizon of molisols.
Unlock the answer
question
In this figure, the width of each bar includes a measure of the
answer
mortality within the age group.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following human traits are typical of K-strategists?
answer
parental care of long duration
Unlock the answer
question
Which one of the following soil orders is the most typical of drylands and deserts?
answer
aridisols
Unlock the answer
question
Gutters and storm sewers in a city are most concerned with the
answer
surface runoff loop.
Unlock the answer
question
The increased reliance upon raw materials from many parts of the world resulted from which revolution?
answer
Industrial Revolution
Unlock the answer
question
A country with a declining fertility rate below 2.0
answer
All of the above. (will have a population declining in size; will be graying; is increasingly common in highly developed nations)
Unlock the answer
question
The rerouting of the Mississippi to increase the efficiency of movements of steamboats and barges was the result of the
answer
Industrial Revolution.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following is true?
answer
More than 20% of cultivated land was degraded between 1989 and 2003.
Unlock the answer
question
The decline of the polar ice caps because of increasing temperatures at the poles will
answer
decrease the largest reserve of fresh water on Earth.
Unlock the answer
question
China's one-child policy was adopted because
answer
it was clear the nation could not live within the limit of its resources if the population continued to grow.
Unlock the answer
question
With billions of dollars already spent to fight AIDS and the need for much more money, which of the following represents the best strategy to fight AIDS in the world?
answer
increase preventive measures to slow new infections, especially changes in sexual behavior
Unlock the answer
question
China's current rush to construct dams and transport water over long distances is a response to
answer
producing more water for crop irrigation, urban use and for hydroelectric projects.
Unlock the answer
question
Why is the green line lower in Latin America than it is in Sub-Saharan Africa?
answer
Latin American communities have better use of modern medicine.
Unlock the answer
question
Although people living in the highest-density populations in urban areas generally live long, healthy lives, global overpopulation remains a problem because
answer
environmental impacts are not always experienced where resources are consumed.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following is more related to water quality than water quantity?
answer
sewage treatment facilities
Unlock the answer
question
Desalination plants, such as the one just completed in Tampa Bay,
answer
None of the above.
Unlock the answer
question
India's improvements in food production and health care have
answer
been offset by tremendous growth in population size.
Unlock the answer
question
After joining the Peace Corps, your assignment is to help spread good agricultural practices to people living in the humid tropics. After receiving training, you tell the local farmers to
answer
start a water catchment, apply manure and mulch to their fields and avoid tilling the soil if possible.
Unlock the answer
question
In the figure, blue water is represented by
answer
rain.
Unlock the answer
question
This figure reveals
answer
a soil profile.
Unlock the answer
