Ch. 6 Values, Ethics, and Advocacy (PrepU)
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Which of the following theories of ethics most highly prioritizes the nurse's relationship with patients and the nurse's character in the practice of ethical nursing? a) Utilitarianism b) Care-based ethics c) Deontology d) Principle-based ethics
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b) Care-based ethics
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A client is scheduled to have an elective surgical procedure performed and cannot decide if he wants to do it or not. He asks the nurse to help him make the decision because he does not feel that he knows enough about the procedure. Which of the following is the best way for this nurse to advocate for this client? a) Call the surgeon and have him explain the procedure again. b) Refuse to help the client and state that he must make the decision on his own. c) Refer the client to the social worker so that she can call in the people who need to help him make his decision. d) Facilitate the client's decision by allowing him to verbalize his feelings and by providing information to help him assess his options.
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Facilitate the client's decision by allowing him to verbalize his feelings and by providing information to help him assess his options.
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A nursing faculty is presenting a lecture on ethics. The correct definition of ethical distress is: a) Belief about worth as a standard to guide behavior. b) Being aware of the principles of right and wrong. c) Knowing the correct action, but unable to perform due to constraints. d) Supporting the rights of a client during hospitalization.
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Knowing the correct action, but unable to perform due to constraints.
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A nursing student is studying the principle of autonomy. Which of the following examples most accurately depicts this principle? a) Administering a morning dose of insulin before breakfast b) Changing a dressing on a wound as needed c) Describing surgery to a client before the consent is signed d) Transporting a client to a scheduled physical therapy appointment
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A nursing student is studying the principle of autonomy. Which of the following examples most accurately depicts this principle? You selected: Describing surgery to a client before the consent is signed
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A nurse is acting inappropriately and has an odor of alcohol. This behavior breaches which of the following? a) Ethical conduct b) Autonomy c) Fidelity d) Beneficence
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Ethical conduct
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Choice Multiple question - Select all answer choices that apply. Which nursing actions best describe the use of the professional value of human dignity? (Select all that apply.) a) A nurse provides privacy for an elderly patient. b) A nurse provides honest information to a patient about his or her illness. c) A nurse plans individualized nursing care for his or her patients. d) A nurse reports an error made by an incompetent coworker. e) A nurse refuses to discuss a patient with a curious friend. f) A nurse plans nursing care together with his or her patient.
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• A nurse provides privacy for an elderly patient. • A nurse plans individualized nursing care for his or her patients. • A nurse refuses to discuss a patient with a curious friend.
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What is the term for the beliefs held by the individual about what matters? a) Bioethics b) Morals c) Ethics d) Values
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Values
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An emergency department nurse and health care team are caring for a semiconscious child age 2 years with numerous fractures and evidence of cigarette burns. They suspect child abuse. The nurse reports the family to the child abuse hotline. The nurse is following which ethical principle? a) Nonmaleficence b) Justice c) Beneficence d) Fidelity
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Nonmaleficence
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A nurse knows the ethical term \"Do not cause harm\" is an example of: a) Beneficence b) Justice c) Nonmaleficence d) Fidelity
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Nonmaleficence
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A nurse is aware that the principle of autonomy is being applied in which situation? a) An order for an antibiotic is being written in the chart. b) The client has decided to stop chemotherapy treatments. c) A hospice consult is ordered by the nurse. d) The family is discussing care with the physician.
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The client has decided to stop chemotherapy treatments.
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Which of the following words is best described by the following: the protection and support of another's rights? a) Paternalism b) Advocacy c) Ethics d) Autonomy
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Advocacy
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A nursing student reports to the instructor that a medication due at 9 a.m. was omitted. Which of the following principles is the student demonstrating? a) Social justice b) Integrity c) Altruism d) Autonomy
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Integrity
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A nurse working on a critical care unit was informed by a client with multiple sclerosis that she did not wish to be resuscitated in the event of cardiac arrest. The client is no longer able to express her wishes, and the family has informed the physician that they want the client to be resuscitated. Aware of the client's wishes, the nurse is involved in a situation that may involve what? a) Ethical distress b) Deception c) Confidentiality d) Paternalism
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Ethical distress
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A nurse is administering evening medications and notices that a medication was omitted during the day shift. Which of the following statements demonstrates the principle of accountability? a) Documenting a narrative note in the chart about the occurrence b) Administering the medication with the other evening medications c) Telling the client that the medication will be given the following morning d) Filling out an occurrence report and notifying the health care provider
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Filling out an occurrence report and notifying the health care provider
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A nurse volunteers to serve on the hospital ethics committee. Which of the following indicates that the nurse knows what the purpose of an ethics committee is? a) Convince the family to choose a specific decision b) Assist in decision-making based on the client's best interests c) Decide the care for a client who is unable to voice their opinion d) Present options about the type of care
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Assist in decision-making based on the client's best interests
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Which of the following nursing situations is an example of an ethical dilemma? a) Discussing care of a comatose client with the family b) Performing cardiac compressions when a signed Do Not Resuscitate order (DNR) is not available c) Transferring a client to a step-down unit d) Administering pain medication as ordered
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Performing cardiac compressions when a signed Do Not Resuscitate order (DNR) is not available
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In the delivery of care, the nurse acts in accordance with nursing standards and the code of ethics and reports a medication error that she has made. The nurse is most clearly demonstrating which of the following professional values? a) Altruism b) Social justice c) Integrity d) Human dignity
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Integrity
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A client rings the call bell to request pain medication. Upon performing the pain assessment, the nurse informs the client that she will return with the pain medication. The nurse's promise to return with the pain medication is an example of which principle of bioethics? a) Justice b) Autonomy c) Nonmaleficence d) Fidelity
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Fidelity
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A nurse obtains an order for a bed alarm for a confused client. This is an example of which of the following ethical principles? a) Paternalism b) Conflict c) Deception d) Confidentiality
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Paternalism
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Which of the following words is best described by the following: the protection and support of another's rights? a) Ethics b) Paternalism c) Advocacy d) Autonomy
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Advocacy
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A nursing student reports to the instructor that a medication due at 9 a.m. was omitted. Which of the following principles is the student demonstrating? a) Integrity b) Social justice c) Altruism d) Autonomy
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Integrity
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A nurse working on a critical care unit was informed by a client with multiple sclerosis that she did not wish to be resuscitated in the event of cardiac arrest. The client is no longer able to express her wishes, and the family has informed the physician that they want the client to be resuscitated. Aware of the client's wishes, the nurse is involved in a situation that may involve what? a) Confidentiality b) Deception c) Ethical distress d) Paternalism
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Ethical distress
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A nurse is administering evening medications and notices that a medication was omitted during the day shift. Which of the following statements demonstrates the principle of accountability? a) Filling out an occurrence report and notifying the health care provider b) Telling the client that the medication will be given the following morning c) Administering the medication with the other evening medications d) Documenting a narrative note in the chart about the occurrence
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Filling out an occurrence report and notifying the health care provider
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A nurse volunteers to serve on the hospital ethics committee. Which of the following indicates that the nurse knows what the purpose of an ethics committee is? a) Assist in decision-making based on the client's best interests b) Decide the care for a client who is unable to voice their opinion c) Present options about the type of care d) Convince the family to choose a specific decision
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Assist in decision-making based on the client's best interests
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Which of the following nursing situations is an example of an ethical dilemma? a) Transferring a client to a step-down unit b) Performing cardiac compressions when a signed Do Not Resuscitate order (DNR) is not available c) Discussing care of a comatose client with the family d) Administering pain medication as ordered
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Performing cardiac compressions when a signed Do Not Resuscitate order (DNR) is not available
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In the delivery of care, the nurse acts in accordance with nursing standards and the code of ethics and reports a medication error that she has made. The nurse is most clearly demonstrating which of the following professional values? a) Altruism b) Human dignity c) Integrity d) Social justice
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Integrity
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A client rings the call bell to request pain medication. Upon performing the pain assessment, the nurse informs the client that she will return with the pain medication. The nurse's promise to return with the pain medication is an example of which principle of bioethics? a) Fidelity b) Justice c) Nonmaleficence d) Autonomy
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Fidelity
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A nurse obtains an order for a bed alarm for a confused client. This is an example of which of the following ethical principles? a) Confidentiality b) Paternalism c) Conflict d) Deception
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Paternalism
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A nurse has completed four hours of his eight-hour shift on a medical-surgical unit when he receives a phone call from the nursing supervisor. The nursing supervisor informs him that he needs to give a report to the other two nurses on the medical-surgical unit and immediately report to the telemetry unit to assist with staff needs on that unit. The nurse informs the supervisor that he has been busy with his client assignment and feels this will overwhelm the nurses on the medical-surgical unit. The supervisor informs the nurse that the need is greater on the telemetry unit. This is an example of which type of ethical problem? a) Conflicts concerning new technology b) Advocacy in a market-driven environment c) Allocation of scarce nursing resources d) Deception
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Allocation of scarce nursing resources
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A nurse who provides the information and support that patients and their families need to make the decision that is right for them is practicing what principle of bioethics? a) Autonomy b) Nonmaleficence c) Fidelity d) Justice
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Autonomy
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A nursing faculty is discussing laissez-faire values with students. Which of the following is an example of those values? a) Parents allowing a child to decide not to have an intravenous line inserted b) Modeling healthy behaviors for teenagers c) Teaching children right from wrong d) Telling a child an injection will feel like a pinch
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Parents allowing a child to decide not to have an intravenous line inserted
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Which of the following best describes feminist ethics? a) A combination of elements of utilitarian and deontologic theories that offers specific action guides for practice. b) An approach critiquing existing patterns of oppression and domination in society. c) The formal study of ethical issues that arise in the practice of nursing. d) Attention directed to the specific situation of individual patients viewed within the context of their life narratives.
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An approach critiquing existing patterns of oppression and domination in society.
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A client age 46 years has been diagnosed with cancer. He has met with the oncologist and is now weighing his options to undergo chemotherapy or radiation as his treatment. This patient is utilizing which ethical principle in making his decision? a) Autonomy b) Justice c) Confidentiality d) Beneficence
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Autonomy
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An elderly client falls out of bed after a nurse inadvertently left the side rails down. The nurse feels guilty and is upset about the incident. This is an example of which of the following types of ethical situations? a) Moralizing b) Distress c) Dilemma d) Accountability
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Distress
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A nurse is caring for an older adult who has cancer and is experiencing complications requiring a revision of the plan of care. The nurse sits down with the client and the family and discusses their preferences while sharing her judgments based on her expertise. Which of the following types of health care decision making does this represent? a) Shared decision making b) Ethical decision making c) Patient sovereignty model d) Paternalistic model
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Shared decision making
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Choice Multiple question - Select all answer choices that apply. Which of the following are examples of virtues that can exemplify character and conduct as a professional nurse? Select all that apply. a) Conflict b) Humility c) Compassion d) Trustworthiness e) Deception
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• Humility • Compassion • Trustworthiness
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What would be an example of the nurse practicing fidelity? The nurse: a) Stays with the patient during his or her death as promised b) Regulates visitors c) Provides continuity of care d) Withholds information as requested
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Stays with the patient during his or her death as promised
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the care-based approach to bioethics? a) The need for an orientation toward service b) The need to emphasize the relevance of clinical experience c) The rightness or wrongness of an action is independent of its consequences d) The promotion of the dignity and respect of clients as people
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The promotion of the dignity and respect of clients as people
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The nurse is managing the care for a post operative client. How does the nurse demonstrate advocacy? a) Turning and positioning the client every four hours b) Administering pain medication when the pain level reaches 9/10 c) Changing the channel on the television while providing care d) Limiting visitors due to client complaining of pain
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Limiting visitors due to client complaining of pain
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A nurse educator understands that his teaching was effective regarding the Code of Ethics for Nurses when students state which of the following? a) \"The code critiques existing patterns of oppression and domination in society.\" b) \"The code provides nurses with specific action guides for practice.\" c) \"The code enables nurses to provide good care to clients.\" d) \"The code is an expression of nursing's own understanding of its commitment to society.\"
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\"The code is an expression of nursing's own understanding of its commitment to society.\"
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Choice Multiple question - Select all answer choices that apply. Which of the following nursing situations is an example of the care-based approach to ethics? Select all that apply. a) Taking a week's vacation from work b) Documenting data in the electronic medical record c) Providing a back rub to a client on bed rest d) Holding the hand of a dying client e) Involving the parent in the bed bath of a child
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• Holding the hand of a dying client • Providing a back rub to a client on bed rest • Involving the parent in the bed bath of a child
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Nurses who value patient advocacy follow what guideline? a) They give priority to the good of the individual patient rather than to the good of society in general. b) They value their loyalty to an employing institution or to a colleague over their commitment to their patient. c) They choose the claims of the patient's well-being over the claims of the patient's autonomy. d) They make decisions for patients who are uninformed concerning their rights and opportunities.
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They give priority to the good of the individual patient rather than to the good of society in general.
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Which ethical principle refers to the obligation to do good? a) Nonmaleficence b) Veracity c) Fidelity d) Beneficence
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Beneficence
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A nurse uses the utilitarian action guiding theory when deciding how to handle the following ethical conflict: A 13-year old female patient with anorexia refuses to eat food despite the fact that she is slowly starving to death. The parents insist the nurse use a feeding tube to feed her. Which statement is an example of this theory in practice? a) The nurse believes that force feeding a patient violates the principles of autonomy and nonmaleficence. b) The nurse believes that force feeding a patient could be right or wrong depending on the process used to accomplish the action. c) The nurse forces food via an eating tube because the end result is good in that it will save the patient's life. d) The nurse refuses to force feed the patient because the nurse believes that force feeding a patient who refuses food is wrong even if it saves her life.
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The nurse forces food via an eating tube because the end result is good in that it will save the patient's life.
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A client continues to complain of pain despite receiving medication. The family states, \"in our culture it is acceptable to complain out loud.\" What would be the best response by the nurse? a) Describe your home situation to me. b) Tell me more about your cultural beliefs. c) It is not necessary to complain so loud. d) The pain medication should have worked by now.
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Tell me more about your cultural beliefs.
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Which of the following actions most clearly demonstrates a nurse's commitment to social justice? a) Answering a client's questions about her care clearly and accurately b) Lobbying for an expansion of Medicare eligibility and benefits c) Ensuring that a hospital client's diet is culturally acceptable d) Documenting nursing care in a timely, honest, and thorough manner
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Lobbying for an expansion of Medicare eligibility and benefits
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A nurse is having lunch in the break room and overhears the other nurses talking about a difficult client in an inappropriate way. The nurses attempt to engage them in the conversation. Which of the following responses by the nurse would best represent behavior that supports the value of human dignity in nursing practice? a) Getting up and walking out of the break room because her break is over b) Laughing and joining in the conversation even though the nurse really does not believe that the client is as bad as her peers say that he is c) Beginning to tell what the client did to her last week, even though she treats the client with dignity because he cooperates better with his plan of care d) Saying that she believes that this discussion is inappropriate and disrespectful to the client and that she does not want to be a part of it
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Saying that she believes that this discussion is inappropriate and disrespectful to the client and that she does not want to be a part of it
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Choice Multiple question - Select all answer choices that apply. A nurse needs to be aware of which professional values? Select all that apply. a) Moralizing b) Autonomy c) Altruism d) Social Justice e) Human dignity
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• Altruism • Autonomy • Social Justice • Human dignity
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the care-based approach to bioethics? a) The need for an orientation toward service b) The promotion of the dignity and respect of clients as people c) The need to emphasize the relevance of clinical experience d) The rightness or wrongness of an action is independent of its consequences
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The promotion of the dignity and respect of clients as people
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Nursing students in an ethics class have been asked to define \"ethics\". What would be the best definition of ethics? a) The informal, systematic study of moral beliefs. b) The formal, systematic study of moral beliefs. c) The adherence to informal personal values. d) The adherence to formal personal values.
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The formal, systematic study of moral beliefs.
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A nurse who is caring for a new mother realizes that the woman is not prepared to go home with her newborn after a hospital stay of only 24 hours, but hospital policy dictates that the mother be discharged. This nurse may be faced with which moral problem? a) Ethical dissatisfaction b) Ethical uncertainty c) Ethical distress d) Ethical dilemma
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Ethical distress
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Choice Multiple question - Select all answer choices that apply. Which nursing actions best describe the use of the professional value of altruism? (Select all that apply.) a) A nurse becomes a mentor to a student nurse working on her floor. b) A nurse is accountable for the care provided to a mentally challenged patient. c) A nurse lobbies for universal access to health care. d) A nurse respects the right of a Native American to call in a shaman for a consultation. e) A nurse protects the privacy of a patient with AIDS. f) A nurse demonstrates an understanding of the culture of his or her patient.
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• A nurse demonstrates an understanding of the culture of his or her patient. • A nurse becomes a mentor to a student nurse working on her floor. • A nurse respects the right of a Native American to call in a shaman for a consultation.
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The nurse is managing the care of a terminally ill client whose spouse insists that all measures be continued. The nurse speaks to the spouse about obtaining a hospice consult. This is an example of \"ethical\" what? a) Accountability b) Valuing c) Sensibility d) Discernment
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Valuing
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Choice Multiple question - Select all answer choices that apply. The International Council of Nurses (ICN) Code of Ethics for Nurses (2005) has which of the following elements? Select all that apply. a) Family b) Co-workers c) Profession d) Practice e) People
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• People • Co-workers • Practice • Profession
