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acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

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AIDS, is the most advanced, and fatal, stage of an HIV infection

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allergen

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A substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual

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anaphylaxis

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aka systemic reaction, is a severe response to an allergen. The symptons of this response can develop quickly. Without medical aid, the patient can die within a few minutes.

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antibiotic

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Medications that are capable of inhibiting growth, or killing pathogenic bacterial microorganisms. Not effective against viral infections.

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antibody

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A disease fighting protein created by the immune systm in response to the presence of a specific antigen.

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antifungal

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Drug that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi (organisms such as yeast, molds, and mushrooms).

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antigen

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Any substance that the body regards as being foreign, and includes viruses, bacteria, toxins, and transplanted tissues. The immune system responds immediately to the presence of any of these.

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antigen-antibody reaction

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AKA immune reaction, involves binding antigens to antibodies. This reaction labels a potentially dangerous antigen so it can be recognized and destroyed by other cells of the immune system.

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autoimmune disorder

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AKA autoimmune disease, any large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produes antibodies gainst its own tissues. Appears to be genetically transmitted and predominantly occurs in women during the childbearing years. Affects most body systems.

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bacilli

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Are rod shaped spore forming bacteria. Causes tetanus!

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bacteria

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One celled microscopic organisms. Most aren't harmful to humans. Those that are pathogenic in humans include bacilli, rickettsia, spirochetes, staphlyococci, and streptococci

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carcinoma

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A malignant tumor that occurs in the epithelial tissue. Epithelial tissue forms the protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body

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carcinoma in situ

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Describes a malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues. (In situ means in the place where the cancer first occurred)

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complement

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A group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive form and are activated by contact with nonspecific antigens such as foreign invaders and attracts phagocytes to destroy these antigens.

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cytomegalovirus

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A member of the herpesvirus family that cause a variety of diseases. Its found in most body fluids and can be present as a silent infection in which no signs or symptoms occur. It can potentially cause a serious illness when the individual has a weakened immune system. It can be transmitted from mother to her unborn child. This transmission can cause serious congential disabilities in the child.

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cytoxic drug

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a medication that kills or damages cells. These drugs are used as immunosuppressants or as antineoplastics.

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ductal carcinoma in situ

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breast cancer at its earliest stage before the cancer has broken through the wall of the milk duct. At this stage, the cure rate is nearly 100%

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hemolytic

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The spleen has this function of destroying worn out red blood cells and releasing their hemoglobin for resuse.

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herpes zoster

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AKA shingles, is an acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlying route of an inflamed nerve. This inflammation occurs when the dormant varicella (chicken pox) is reactivated later in life. A vaccine is available to prevent such a reoccurance.

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Hodgkin's lymphoma

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Also known as Hodgkin's disease, distinguished from other lymphomas by the presence of large, cancerous lymphocytes known as Reed-Sternberg Cells

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human immunodeficiency virus

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HIV, is a bloodborne infection in which the virus damages or kills the cells of the immune system, causing it to progressively fail, thus leaving the body at risk of developing many life threatening opportunistic infections. IN early stages, medical intervention can prolong the patient's life.

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immunodeficiency disorder

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Occurs when the immune response is compromised. (Compromised means weakened, reduced, absent, or not functioning properly)

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immunoglobulins

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Bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response. The five primary types are also known as antibodies. Secreted by plasma cells

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infiltrating ductal carcinoma

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AKA invasive lobular carcinoma, a cancer that starts in the milk glands, breaks through the wall of the gland, and invades the fatty tissue of the breast. Once this cancer reaches the lymph nodes, it can rapidly spread to distant parts of the body.

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immunotherapy

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A disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune response. In treatment of cancers, this is used to stimulate the immunse response to fight the malignancy. In treatement of allergies, its used to repress the body's sensitivity to a particular allergen.

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infectious mononucleosis

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AKA mono, is caused by the Epstein Barr Virus. Condition is characterized by a fever, a sore throat, and enlarged lymph nodes. Swelling of the spleen or liver involvement can also develop.

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interferon

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a family of proteins produced by the T cells whose specialty is fighting viruses by slowing or stopping their multiplication.

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lymphadenitis

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AKA Swollen Glands, its an inflammation of the lymph nodes. Its a frequent indication of the presence of an infection.

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lymphadenopathy

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any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes

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lymphangioma

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A benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system.

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lymphedema

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Swelling due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues.

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lymphocytes

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White blood cells that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells. These cells undergo further maturation and differentiation in lymphoid tissues throughout the body. These changes enable these lymphocytes to act as specialized antibodies that are capable of attacking specific antigens.

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lymphokines

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Produced by the T cells, direct the antigen antibody response by signaling between the cells of the immune system. Lymphokines attract macrophages to the infected site and prepare them to attack the invaders.

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lymphoma

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General term applied to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues. This includes lymph nodes, the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. Two most common are hodgkin's lymphoma and non hodgkins limphoma

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lymphoscintigraphy

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A diagnostic test that is performed to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels.

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macrophage

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A phagocytic cell present in many tissues that functions in innate immunity by destroying microbes and in acquired immunity as an antigen-presenting cell.

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malaria

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an infectious tropical disease caused by a protozoan and transmitted to humans by a mosquito; it produces high fevers, chills, sweating, and anemia

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mammography

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A radiographic examination of the breasts to detect the presence of tumors or precancerous cells. The resulting record is a mammogram.

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metastasis

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A new cancer site that results from the spreading process. The metastasis can be within the same body system or within another body stystem at a distance from the primary site.

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metastasize

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The process by which cancer spreads from one place to another. The cancer moves from the primary site and metastasizes to a secondary site.

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myoma

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A benign tumor made up of muscle tissue.

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myosarcoma

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A malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue.

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non- Hodgkin's lymphoma

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The term used to describe all lymphomas OTHER THAN Hodgkin's lymphoma. Many different kinds, some agressive and others slow growing or indolent.

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opportunistic infection

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Infection that is caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce an ilness in healthy humans. However, when the host is debilitated, these pathogens are able to cause an infection. Because the the immune system of patients with HIV or AIDS are weakened, many opportunistic infections can develop.

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osteosarcoma

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A malignant tumor usually involving the upper shaft of long bones, the pelvis, or knee

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parasite

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A plant or animal that lives on, or within, another living organism at the expense of that organism. Ex, malaria lives off of mosquitos and then humans.

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pathogen

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A microorganism that causes disease in humans.

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rabies

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An acute viral infection that is most commonly transmitted to humans by the bite or saliva of an infected animal. In humans, signs and symptoms of rabies usually occur 30-90 days after the bite. Once symptoms develop, its almost always fatal.

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rickettsia

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Small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites. Causes Rocky mountain spotted fever (from an infected tick).

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sarcoma

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A malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues, including hard, soft, and liquid tissues.

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spriochetes

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Spiral shaped bacteria that have flexible walls are are capable of movment. Causes lyme disease (from the bite of an infected deer tick).

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splenomegaly

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An abnormal enlargement of the spleen. This condition can be due to bleeding caused by an injury, and infectious disease like mono, or abnormal functioning of the immune system.

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staphylococci

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Groups of about thirty species of bacterie that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes. most are harmless and reside normally on the skin and mucous membranes of humans and other organisms; however, others are capable of producing very serious infections.

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streptococci

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Bacteria that form a chain. Many species are harmless, however other members of this group are responsible for ilnesses including strep throat, meningitis, endocarditis, and necrotizing fasciiitis

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teletherapy

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Radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body. With the assistance of three dimensional computer imaging, its possible to aim doses more precisely.

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tetanus

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Caused by the bacillus Clostridium tetani, and is transmitted through a cut or wound. Its commonly known as lockjaw.

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toxoplasmosis

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infection caused by parasite Toxoplasma gondii. occurs by eating undercooked, infected meat containing tissue cysts, or handling soil or cat feces that contain the parasite. Most adults have no symptoms.

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varicella

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AKA chickenpox, is caused by the herpes virus Varicella zoster and is highly contagious. This condition is characterized by a fever and a rash consisting of hundreds of itchy, fluid filled blisters that burst and form crusts

Ch. 6 The Lymphatic and Immune Systems – Flashcards

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