question

In which 1984 case did the Supreme Court define a searches "a governmental infringement of a legitimate expectation of privacy?"

answer

United States vs Jacobsen

question

A lane search, or partitioning the area into lanes,

answer

can be adapted to any number of police personnel

question

Which of the list is not legal of a search during an investigation

answer

to punish the offender

question

which of the following do investigator not need to know in order to conduct an effective search?

answer

the identify of the offender

question

The forth amendment to the U.S Constitution forbids what type of search and seizures?

answer

unreasonable

question

In which of the following cases is a search not legal?

answer

An officer conducts a search of a motorist for a driving infraction

question

A way to determine if probable cause exist today is which test

answer

totality-of-the-circumstances test

question

A judge may issue a search warrant if which of the following items are being sought by an officer?

answer

stolen or embezzled property

question

A search conducted with a warrant must be limited to

answer

only the specific area and items named in the warrant

question

consent to search is valid only if given

answer

voluntary

question

Terry V. Ohio supported officers' right if given

answer

conduct a patdown or a frisk if they believe the person might be armed and dangerous

question

every lawful arrest is accompanied by a search of the arrest person. This is referred to as

answer

search incident to arrest

question

the Chimel decision established that a search incidental to a lawful arrest must be made simultaneously with the arrest. A search incidental to the arrest must be confined to

answer

the area within the suspect immediate control

question

emergency circumstances (Such as fire or officers hearing shots fired or screams) that allow officers to enter the home without a warrant are referred to as

answer

exigent circumstances

question

the Carroll decision established that with probable cause,

answer

automobile may be searched based on their obvious mobility

question

Mincey V. Arizona established that

answer

while officer are on the premises pursuing their legitimate emergency activities any evidence in plain view may be seized

question

Wyoming V. Houghton (1999) held that an officer may search an automobile passenger's belongings simple because the officer suspects the driver has done something wrong. This ruling, which was intended to prevent driver from claming that illegal drugs or other contraband belongs to passengers rather than themself, is referred to as the

answer

passenger property exception

question

the courts have ruled that when police take custody of a vehicle or other property, the police

answer

may inventory the property

question

the most important limitation on search is that they must be

answer

narrow in scope

question

which rules said that courts would not accepts evidence obtained by unreasonable searc and seizure?

answer

exclusionary rule

question

in Nix V. Williams, the court said that if illegally obtained evidence( a statement, in this case, which led to a little girl's body) would, in all likelihood, eventually have been discovered legally (for example, by a large search party), it may be used. This referred to as what exception to the exclusionary rule?

answer

the inevitable-discovery doctrine

question

Hopefully, a well-organized, thorought and proper organization of a crime scene search will result in

answer

a meticulous search with no accidental destruction of evidence

question

In United States V. Leon, the court established that illegally obtained evidence may be admissible if the police were truly noty aware the were violating a suspect's Fourth Amendment rights. In this case, the police were following up on a tip from an unreliable informant, which later invalidated the warrant. This exception is called the

answer

good-faith doctrine

question

physical evidence is

answer

anything material and relevant

question

in California V. Greenwood, the supreme court ruled that

answer

containers left on public property are open to seach by the police without a warrant

question

ultraviolet light us good for finding

answer

trace evidence such as semen or fibers

question

when evidence is collected, an officer should record in his or her notes the

answer

time, date, and location the item was found; the individual who found it ; the case number; a description of the item; and who took it into custody

question

which term refers to spiral pattern cut down the lenght of a firearm's barrel

answer

rifling

question

this type of fingerprint, which is not readily visible, consitst of impressions of the ridges of the fingers, transferred to other surfaces by sweat on the ridges of the fingers or because the fingers carry residue of oil, blood, dirt, or another substance. These prints are referred to as

answer

latent prints

question

Powders, Magnabrush techniques, laser technology, gelatin lifters and cyanoacrylate are all used to process what type of evidence?

answer

fingerprints

question

AFIS stand for

answer

automated fingerprints identification system

question

DNA testing is expensive and takes a lot of time. Because of this, laboratories require that

answer

all of theses choise

question

the number one mistake officers make in processing fingerprints with powders is

answer

over-processing fingerprints

question

the type of prints taken of persons with reason to be at the crime scene location are referred to as___________fingerprints

answer

elimination

question

Fingerprints can indicate

answer

none of the choices

question

in the examination of objects of physical evidence, class characteristics are important because they can

answer

place an item into a specific category

question

Intergrity of evidence refers to the the requirement that any itme introduced in court must be in the same condition as whn it was found at the crime scene. This is documented by the chain of evidence, also referred to as the

answer

chain of custody

question

the size and shape of chips and wear patterns in the blade of screwdriver are

answer

individual

question

DNA profiling can be done using

answer

cells from almost any part of the body

question

hair analysis can reveal all but which following?

answer

age and gender

question

The frequently is obtained from a suspect's is

answer

fibers

question

A genetic fingerprint is obtained from a suspect's

answer

DNA

question

when evidence is no longer needed, it is

answer

any of these may be appropriate.

question

A way of folding paper so that evidence does not fall out is referred as a

answer

druggist fold

question

Laboratory exmination of __________ under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) is still considered a reliable analysis method, although enhancements in technology haae been necessary.

answer

gunshot residue (GSR)

question

what evidence can indicate whether a person is running, lost or carrying something heavy?

answer

footprints

question

What type of evidence forms a substantive part of the case or has a legitimate and effective influence on the decision of the case

answer

material

question

what type of evidence has been properly collected, identifitied, filed and continuously secured?

answer

competent

question

this method is not recommended for developing laten fingerprints on unpainted wood, paper, carboard or othe absorbent surfaces

answer

powders

question

evidence disposal can occur

answer

all of these above

question

in addition to physical evidence, three primary sources of information are available:

answer

reports, records and databases; peopel who are not suspects in a crime but know something of a crime; and suspects in a crime

question

the ultimate goal of interviewing and interrogating is to

answer

identify those responsible for a crime and elimanate the innocent from suspicion.

question

two basic requirements for obtaining information are to

answer

listen and observe.

question

which of the following question is most direct

answer

"did you assault george smith at 5th and Main last night"

question

When conducting an interview, you should

answer

interview the victim or the complainant first

question

People may volunteer information if approached correctly, consequently, the following technique is useful to demonstrate when conducting an interview

answer

developing rapport

question

the best place to interrogate a suspect is usually

answer

at the police station

question

once a confession has been obtained, investigator should

answer

corroborate the confession using indecent evidence

question

to improve communication

answer

prepare your question and tactics in advance

question

This type of interview technique calls for using secluded, quiet place that is free of distraction. It is effective for obtaining information from victims and witnesses who are having difficulty remembering an event

answer

cognitive interview

question

if public threat exist, questioning to reduce that threat may occur before the reading of the Miranda warning. Which case highlighted this issue?

answer

New York v. Quarles

question

The fundamental distinction between the Fifth and Sixth Amendment right to counsel hinges on the issue of

answer

custody

question

When genera, preliminary questioning occurs spontaneously on the street , it is called

answer

filed interview

question

which is not accepted by the courts as evidence?

answer

a polygraph

question

What may be used to help victim or witness recall an incident?

answer

hypnosis

question

to be valid in court, a confession must always be

answer

voluntary

question

in Miranda V. Arizona, who won the appeal and why?

answer

Miranda, because his right had not been explained to him properly

question

Under the Bruton rule, Which resulted from a Bruton V. United States (1968), a defendant's Sixth Amendment right to confront right to confront and cross-examine witness agaisnt him or her is violated if

answer

a confession defendant's statement is used against a nonconfessing defendant at their joint trial

question

which of the following is not a recommended interrogation technique?

answer

none of these choices

question

information or data is not intelligence. Information needs which component to become intelligence?

answer

analysis

question

which of the following can be use to simultaneously monitor call activities on several lines?

answer

a dialed number recorder

question

Which of the following statements about witnesses is false

answer

Witness rarely withhold information or provide it ulterior motives, which is why officers can trust them as a source of information

question

which of the following is a characteristic of an effective interview/interrogator?

answer

all of these choices

question

which has been shown to be an effective interview technique to uncover lies

answer

repetition

question

some research has found that incidence of false confession is

answer

higher than many believe and exacerbated by certain interrogation tactics

question

surveillance , undercover assignment and raids are used only when

answer

normal methods of continuing the investigation fail to produce results

question

the objective of surveillance is to

answer

obtain information about people, their associates and their activities that may help solve a criminal case or protect a witness

question

which would not be one of the precaution for undercover agents

answer

use drugs and alcohol to get in with the gang

question

on a linear use-of-force continuum, where do "hard empty hand techniques" fall in relation to the use of a TASER or chemical agent?

answer

They fall to the right(i.e., they are less forceful)

question

when a person suddenly dies in police custody, it is often called

answer

excited delirium

question

Field or show-up identification is on the-scene identification of a suspect by a victim or witness of a crime. The show-up must be

answer

close in time to the incident

question

Which method is not used to identify suspect s?

answer

hearsay evidence

question

Which 2007 case established the use of "ramming" in pursuit as a use -of-force doctrine that the police use today

answer

Scott V. Harris

question

which of the following means is not used to develop suspects?

answer

non of these choices

question

which of the following are considered "nonlethal" weapons?

answer

all of these choices

question

force necessary to overcome resistance offered during an arrest is referred to as

answer

reasonable force

question

Live lineups generally contain

answer

five to ten individuals

question

Psychological profiling

answer

can help eliminate and develop suspect

question

In the United States V. Wade, the court said that a suspect must be informed of his or her right to have a lawyer present during what type of process

answer

lineups

question

what must be established before an arrest can be made?

answer

probable cause

question

Wiretaps are legal when there is probable cause and they are

answer

authorized by a court

question

a field identification is also called a

answer

show-up

question

making legal arrest, gaining information for warrants or even preventing crime can all be the result of

answer

surveillance

question

In Whren V. United Stated (1996), the supreme court affirmed that officers could stop vehicles to alley any suspicions even though they have no evidence of criminal behavior. This type of stop referred to as a

answer

pretextual stop

question

This 1985 court eliminated the "fleeing-felon rule" banning law enforcement officers from shooting to kill a fleeing felon unless an imminent danger to life exists

answer

Tennessee V. Garner

question

In the DEA smuggling case United States V. Weaver (1992), what did the court rule

answer

that race can be considered among other factors to use in developing suspects

question

the requirement of providing counsel to a suspect in a line that occurs after indictment or arraignment is know as the

answer

Wade-Gilbert rule

question

In the United State V. Knotts (1983), the court ruled that installing and monitoring a bird dog tracking device in public location

answer

does not violate a suspect's rights

question

Florid V. Riley (1989) approved the warrantless aerial surveillance, nothing that

answer

there should be no reasonable exception of privacy from the skies above

question

In Saucier V. Katz (2001), the supreme court held that the guide for use of excessive force is that

answer

the force is objectively reasonable under the fourth Amendment excessive force analysis

CH 4 EXAM-CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION-CRIMINAL JUSTICE-ASHLEY MORRIS-PHILADELPHIA, PA – Flashcards

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