question

Terrorism is defined as

answer

the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives

question

2 types of terrorism in US are:

answer

domestic & international

question

Domestic terrorism involves

answer

groups/individuals whose terrorist activities are directed at their own government/population without foreign direction

question

International terrorism involves

answer

groups/individuals whose terrorist activities are purely foreign based and/or directed by countries/groups outside the targeted country or whose activities cross national boundaries

question

In addition to armed attacks, incidents of terrorism may involve CBRNE agents:

answer

Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosive

question

Weapons of mass destruction (WMBD) are

answer

weapons, devices, or agents intended to cause widespread harm and/or fear among a population

question

The EMT should recognize that any terrorist event in the US is considered

answer

a crime scene

question

Two additional terrorism related factors that all responders will have to take into account are:

answer

deliberate targeting of responders and crime scene considerations

question

A secondary device is those used to

answer

injure first responders

question

Clues such as the OTTO signs will help recognizing suspicious incidents:

answer

Occupancy or location Type of event Timing of the event On-scene warning signs

question

Types of harm to which you can be exposed TRACEM-P are:

answer

Thermal harm Radiological harm Asphyxiation Chemical harm Etiological harm (causes of disease like bacteria/virus/toxin) Mechanical harm Psychological harm

question

Protection of the EMR is based on avoiding/minimizing exposure based on

answer

Time: minimize time at a dangerous scene Distance: maximize distance from hazard area Shielding: to address specific hazards (PPE, buildings, vehicles)

question

Types of harm from chemical incidents:

answer

Primary: C Secondary: TAM-P

question

Biological incidents can be caused by

answer

bacteria, viruses, or toxins

question

Exposure is

answer

the dose or concentration of an agent multiplied by the time, or duration

question

Chemical doses are generally measured in

answer

milligrams per kilogram of body weight

question

Biological doses are measured in

answer

fractions of micrograms per kilogram of body weight

question

The concentration of an agent is measured in

answer

parts per million

question

Infectious dose data are standardized and typically based on

answer

a 150-pound male in good health

question

The four major routes of entry are:

answer

Absorption (skin contact) Ingestion (mouth) Injection (needles/projectiles) Inhalation (breathing)

question

Contamination is caused by

answer

contact with or presence of a contaminant, a material that is present where it does not belong and is somehow harmful to persons/animals/environment

question

Exposure vs. Contamination

answer

Exposure occurs when a substance is taken into the body through one of the routes of exposure while contamination occurs when a substance clings to surface areas of the body or clothing

question

Permeation is

answer

the movement of a substance through a surface or, on a molecular level, through intact materials; mass penetration or spreading

question

The removal of _______ removes most of the contamination.

answer

Clothing

question

Types of harm from biological incidents

answer

Primary: E Secondary: CM-P

question

Types of harm from radiological/nuclear incidents:

answer

Primary: TRM Secondary:C-P

question

Types of harm from explosive incidents:

answer

Primary: TCM Secondary: A-P

question

Dissemination is

answer

spreading

question

The most effective and most common means of dissemination is to enable the material to enter through

answer

the respiratory tract

question

Weaponization is

answer

the packaging or producing a material so ti can be used as a weapon

question

Chemical agents with a ____ boiling point tend to be more persistent

answer

high

question

SLUDGEM is a

answer

mnemonic used to remember the signs and symptoms of nerve agent poisoning

question

SLUDGEM stands for

answer

Salivation Lacrimation (due to stimulation of the lacrimal glands) Urination Defecation GI upset Emesis (vomiting from GI system effects) Miosis (abnormal contraction of the pupils)

question

Biological agents are

answer

microorganisms or toxins that can cause disease processes

question

A zoonotic disease is

answer

a disease that can move through the animal-human barrier; anthrax

question

Anthrax is a ______ bacterium and can survive

answer

sporulating (spore-producing); the acids of the stomach

question

An RDD is a

answer

radiological dispersal device (RDD) or "dirty bomb"

question

If a terrorist were to use a radiological material, the three body systems that would be most severely affected are:

answer

Blood-forming system (specifically bone marrow) GI system CNS

question

Rem is the

answer

roentgen equivalent man; a measure of radiation dosage

question

Strategies vs. Tactics

answer

Broad general plans designed to achieve desired outcomes vs. specific operational actions to accomplish assigned tasks

question

Tasks for responders are:

answer

Isolation Notification Identification Protection

question

An EMT's protection responsibilities include:

answer

Make an initial scene size-up to determine security threats Request protection via radio Establish vehicle staging & triage/treatment areas in protected locations Advise EMS command about protection/security concerns Immediately report suspicious people/activities

question

How to protect yourself in terrorist attacks:

answer

Recognize a possible terrorist event with OTTO don't rush in Understand the TRACEM-P harms Time, distance, and shielding

question

Injuries received during the secondary blast phase are caused? by

answer

blast projectiles

question

?"Blast lung" is a consequence? of

answer

a high-energy overpressurization wave

question

Which type of weapon ignites certain elements that burn? rapidly, causing violent air? displacement?

answer

Explosive

question

What penetrating power do alpha particles? have?

answer

Alpha particles have little penetrating ability and can be stopped by paper or clothing

question

Thermal injury would MOST likely be due? to

answer

an explosive event

question

Who is responsible for perimeter control at a terrorism? incident?

answer

Law enforcement personnel

question

When treating thermal injuries at a terrorism? incident, the EMT? should

answer

follow local protocols

question

For an ingested weapon to be? effective, it? would

answer

have to survive in an acidic environment

question

Into what category of hazardous materials do weapons of mass destruction commonly? fall?

answer

Toxic & flammable gases NOT Flammable? solids, materials that are dangerous when? wet, or materials that are spontaneously combustible NOT corrosives NOT organic peroxides

question

What is a measure of radiation dosage?

answer

Rem

question

Nerve agents are _______ agents

answer

chemical

question

A type of harm that you may be exposed to as an EMT responding to a terrorist incident that is characterized by a resulting? post-traumatic stress disorder? (PSTD) is typically called? a(n)

answer

psychological harm

question

An outbreak of _______ would be LEAST likely to occur naturally

answer

anthrax

question

Two elements that differentiate a hazardous materials incident from a terrorist incident? are

answer

crime scene considerations and targeting responders

question

The current trend in international terrorism is that it tends to be motivated by?

answer

Religion

question

An oxygen level of? ________ is required for normal breathing.

answer

19.5%

question

A terrorist incident may have features in common with

answer

mass casualty, haz mat, and infectious disease incidents

question

Tertiary injuries from a blast? include

answer

extremity fractures

question

Standard management of a chemical burn caused by a terrorist incident? includes

answer

irrigating vigorously with cool water

question

What chemical agent prohibits the use of oxygen in the? cells?

answer

Cyanide

question

Primary injuries from a blast? include

answer

lung injuries

question

What method decontamination is NOT usually a prehospital activity during a terrorism? incident?

answer

Neutralization

question

What methods of decontamination are usually a prehospital activity during a terrorism incident?

answer

Dilution, Absorption, and Isolation

question

Anthrax can infect an individual through which of the following routes of? exposure?

answer

Skin, inhalation, ingestion

question

What impacts the behavior of a chemical in an MCI?

answer

Physical state of the agent, route of entry into the body, and volatility of the agent. NOT whether it was an intentional or accidental exposure

question

Which of the following animals is the direct source of exposure of the bacterium that causes the plague to? humans?

answer

Rats

question

Dangerous organisms that can grow in a variety of environments and are capable of producing toxic substances are known? as

answer

bacteria

question

Concerning the threat of nuclear devices used in terrorist? attacks, which of the following is MOST likely to be used in such an? attack?

answer

Sabotage of facilities for nuclear research

question

The formula dose multiplied by time represents which of the? following?

answer

Exposure

question

You are on the scene of a probable terrorist attack with several other? agencies, both local and federal. In order to operate in an efficient? manner, all agencies should follow? the

answer

Incident Command System (ICS)

question

Dangerous organisms that grow inside of living cells and reproduce are known? as

answer

viruses

question

Vesicants are ______ and are a type of ________

answer

blistering agents; chemical weapon

question

A biological event will likely lead to patients with

answer

unexplained illness

question

Your patient has been exposed to a vesicant agent. His injuries will be caused? by:

answer

Absorption

Ch. 39 – EMS Response to Terrorism – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards