CH 38 Mammography – Flashcards
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Engagement of small focal spot while a negative voltage that is applied to the focusing cup acts to reduce the size of the electron stream, creating a smaller focal spot is called a ______
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Bias focusing cup
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A dedicated breast imaging machine that utilizes a CR/DR image receptor system is called a ____.
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digital mammography unit
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In mammography, measured from the vertical central ray point.
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Effective target angle
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In mammography, the anode is made of this element.
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molybdenum
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Failure to maintain consistent exposures when extremely short or long exposure times are used.
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reciprocity law failure
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The angled central ray as used in mammography is termed _____.
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Reference axis
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In Mammography, measured from the center of the x-ray beam as in conventional radiography, this is called _____.
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Reference axis target angle
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In mammography, newer anodes are made from this substance.
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rhodium
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Mammography is presently the only radiography examination fully regulated by ______.
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the federal government.
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According to the American cancer Society, how many women will be diagnosed with breast cancer annually?
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209,000
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According to the American cancer Society, how many women will die from breast cancer annually?
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40,000
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What is the ratio of women that will develop breast cancer over a lifetime.
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1 out of 8
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How many men will be diagnosed with breast cancer annually?
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1900
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True/False Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women.
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False Lung cancer is the leader
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The ESE for a 5-cm compressed breast is approximately _____
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1000 mR
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Who introduced the first Dedicated mammography machine in 1967?
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CGR (france) Features: molybdenum anode, 0.7mm focal spot, and beryllium window port.
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What year did CGR introduced the dedicated mammo machine?
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1967
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What system utilize the conventional overhead x-ray with the tungsten anode utilizing electrically charged imaging plates?
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xerography.
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Early mammography created increased exposure to the patient around 50 x that of today's method, what did researchers find that can reduce patient exposure with a negligible loss of resolution?
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single emulsion screen/film.
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what kV range is used when performing mammography?
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25-28
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what is the filter made out of?
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beryllium
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why do we use low kVp for mammo?
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we want to see differences in density.
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Failure to maintain consistent exposures when extremely short or long exposure times are used is called?
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reciprocity law failure
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what the advantage of using rhodium as a target material?
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slightly higher atomic number (45) creates a higher-energy x-ray photons.
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what are the three types of tissue within the breast?
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adipose fibrous, and glandular.
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what type of breast tissue doe per-menopausal people have.
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fibrous
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what type of tissue would you use a rhodium target and filter for?
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fibrous, or dense.
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The minimum HVL is specified by government regulations and should not measure less than ______ Al at 30 kVp or 0.25mm Al at____kVp.
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a. 0.30mm b. 25
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What do magnified projections of the breast provide?
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increase detail. higher resolution reduce scatter
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how do magnified projections reduce scatter?
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Air gap.
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why is radiation exposure to the patient increase during radiation mammography?
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Closer to the source closer to the x-ray beam.
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Why do we need to use smaller focal spot during magnification mammos?
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helps increase resolution.
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what happen to exposure time during magnification mammography?
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increase
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why do we normally use magnification views in mammo?
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microcalcifications.
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what increases with the use of a grid?
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increase exposure by a factor of 2-3 times.
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What is the function of the compression paddle in mammography?
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smaller dose. reduce motion reduce scatter.
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advantages of digital mammography?
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ability to manipulate contrast and density. PACS system.
