question

1. Which of the following statements about algae and plants is true? A. Plant cells have rigid cellulose walls, and algal cells do not. B. Plants are multicellular, whereas algae are unicellular. C. Algae have different types of chlorophyll molecules from plants. D. Both plant and algal zygotes develop into embryos. E. Plants have a waxy, waterproof cuticle, and algae do not.

answer

E. Plants have a waxy, waterproof cuticle, and algae do not.

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2. Which of the following homologies is/are shared by land plants and their closest living algal relatives? A. Rings of cellulose-synthesizing complex B. the structure of flagellated sperm (when present) C. the formation of a group of microtubules between daughter nuclei during cell division D. The presence of sporopollenin E. All of the listed responses are correct

answer

E. All of the listed responses are correct

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3. In moving to land, which of the following challenges did plants have to overcome? A. Many herbivores on land B. less available CO2 in the atmosphere than in the oceans C. desiccation D. competition from other photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria E. All of the listed responses are correct.

answer

C. desiccation

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4. Alternation of generations.... A. is distinguished by a unicellular haploid stage and a multicellular diploid generation B. consists of a diploid gametophyte stage alternating with a haploid sporophyte stage C. is unique to plants D. is distinguished by a multicellular haploid generation and a unicellular diploid generation E. is distinguished by haploid and diploid stages that are both multicellular

answer

is distinguished by haploid and diploid stages that are both multicellular

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5. Plants undergo alternation of generation in which... A. male plants alternate with female plants B. antheridia alternate with archegonia C. the vascular generation alternates with the nonvascular generation D. the sporophyte generation alternates with the gametophyte generation E. All of the listed responses are correct.

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D. the sporophyte generation alternates with the gametophyte generation

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6. Gametangia are... A. multicellular in algae, single-celled in most plants B. the site of development of the fertilized egg in algae C. responsible for the plant's ability to retain moisture in arid environments D. structures specialized for gradual spore discharge E. single-celled in algae, multicellular in most plants

answer

E. single-celled in algae, multicellular in most plants

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7. In charophytes, ... protect(s) zygotes from desiccation. A. tannins B. lignin C. sporopollenin D. stomata E. cuticles

answer

C. sporopollenin

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8. Which is a key difference between alternation of generations in plants and sexual reproduction in nonplant organisms? A. In other sexually reproducing organisms, the haploid and diploid generations are both multicellular. B. In plants, the haploid generation is always dependent on the diploid generation. C. In other sexually reproducing organisms, the fusion of gametes forms a zygote before an embryo develops. D. In plants, the haploid and diploid stages are both multicellular. E. In plants, only the haploid stage is multicellular.

answer

D. In plants, the haploid and diploid stages are both multicellular.

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9. The development of the... prevents plants from drying out and protects them from microbes. A. cuticle B. gametangia C. peristomes D. apical meristem E. stomata

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A. cuticle

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10. Which example below is a clade of nonvascular plants? A. pterophytes B. bryophytes C. lycophytes D. seed plants E. None of the listed responses is correct; all land plants have vascular tissue.

answer

B. bryophytes

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11. Which term is most nearly synonymous with land plants? A. tracheophytes B. seed plants C. photoautotrophs D. vascular plants E. embryophytes

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E. embryophytes

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12. A major division in plant systematics is based on whether a particular species has.... A. vascular tissue B. apical meristems C. gametophytes D. sporophytes E. alternation of genrations

answer

A. vascular tissue

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13. The gametophyte stage of the plant life cycle is most conspicuous in ... A. seed plants B. mosses C. club mosses D. ferns E. horsetails

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B. mosses

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14. What structures allow plants to readily take up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere? A. capsules B. stomata C. cuticles D. gametangia E. mitochondria

answer

B. stomata

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15. When you see a green, "leafy" moss, you are looking at the... A. structure where meiosis occurs B. spore-producing structure C. structure that results directly from a fertilized egg D. sporophyte generation E. gametophyte generation

answer

E. gametophyte generation

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16. Rhizoids.... A. are found in liverworts and hornworts, but not in mosses B. have tissues in their centers that allow some mosses to grow up to 2 m tall C. contain specialized conducting cells D. play a primary role in water and mineral absorption E. anchor the gametophytes of bryophytes

answer

E. anchor the gametophytes of bryophytes

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17. Which of the following produces eggs and sperm? A. fern sporophytes B. megaspores C. moss gametophytes D. megaphylls E. moss sporangia

answer

C. moss gametophytes

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18. Fertilization in moss occurs when sperm swim from a ... and down the neck of a(n)... A. antheridium... sporangium B. sporangium.. antheridium C. sporangium.. archegonium D. archegonium.. antheridium E. antheridium.. archegonium

answer

E. antheridium.. archegonium

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19. The gametophyte generation of a moss... A. is rarely encountered, compared with sporophyte B. has tracheids, but no vessel elements C. is haploid D. is dependent on the sporophyte E. produces spores

answer

C. is haploid

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20. How are gametes produced by bryophytes? A. by meiosis of gametophyte cells B. by meiosis of spores C. by meiosis of sporophyte cells D. by mitosis of spores E. by mitsosis of gametophyte cells

answer

E. by mitsosis of gametophyte cells

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21. In mosses, haploid... directly produce buds that grow into gametophores. A. gametophores B. archegonia C. spores D. antheridia E. protonemata

answer

E. protonemata

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22. Which structure of a bryophte sporophyte is specialized for gradual spore discharge? A. capsule B. seta C. peristome D. stomata E. foot

answer

C. peristome

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23. In which bryophyte structure specifically does a zygote develop into an embryo? A. peristome B. archegonium C. stomata D. seta E. antheridium

answer

B. archegonium

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24. Sphagnum is a ... that forms extensive deposits of partially decayed organic material. A. liverwort B. club moss C. moss D. lycophyte E. quillwort

answer

C. moss

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25. In the life cycle of a fern, the multicellular male gametangium ( the sex organ that produces sperm cells) is called a(n)? A. archegonium B. sporangium C. frond D. rhizoid E. antheridium

answer

E. antheridium

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26. In the life cycle of ferns, the multicellular female gametangium (the sex organ that contains an egg) is a(n)? A. sporangium B. archegonium C. frond D. rhizome E. antheridium

answer

B. archegonium

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27. Ferns and mosses are limited mostly to moist environments because...? A. their pollen is carried by water B. their seeds do not store water C. they have swimming sperm D. they lack cuticles and stomata E. they lack vascular tissue

answer

C. they have swimming sperm

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28. What is the evolutionary significance of megaphylls? A. They provide a way to transport water and nutrients throughout the plant's body. B. They increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients. C. They increase the surface area for photosynthesis. D. They are modified leaves that have sporangia. E. They allow plants to grow taller.

answer

C. They increase the surface area for photosynthesis.

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29. The "dots" on the underside of a fern are spore cases; therefore, what is true of the plant to which the frond belongs? A. It is a gamete. B. It is a spore. C. It is a gametophyte. D. It is a spermatophyte. E. It is a sporophyte.

answer

E. It is a sporophyte.

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30. Where would you find a fern gametophyte? A. on moist soil B. in a freshwater stream C. on the underside of the leaf (frond) D. inside a dissected seed E. attached to the underground stem (rhizoids)

answer

A. on moist soil

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31. Fern gametophytes are... A. produced from haploid gametes B. free-living, multicellular organisms C. found on the underside of fern leaves (fronds) D. part of the asexual life cycle E. photosynthetic diploid organisms

answer

B. free-living, multicellular organisms

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32. To examine meiosis in ferns, you would study... A. the antheridia B. both the archegonia and the sporangia C. the archegonia D. the sporangia E. both the antheridia and the archegonia

answer

D. the sporangia

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33. Vascular tissues of plants include... A. phloem for conducting water and minerals, and lignin for conducting organic molecules B. lignin for conducting organic molecules, and phloem for conducting sugars C. xylem for conducting organic molecules, and phloem for conducting water and minerals D. xylem for conducting water and minerals, and phloem for conducting dissolved organic molecules E. cuticles for conducting water, and phloem for conducting organic molecules

answer

D. xylem for conducting water and minerals, and phloem for conducting dissolved organic molecules

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34. Heterosporous plants produce... A. megaspores that bear antheridia and microspores that bear archegonia B. megaspores that develop into female gametophytes and microspores that develop into male gametophytes C. spores that produce both archegonia and antheridia D. megaspores that develop into male gametophytes and microspores that develop into female gametophytes E. seeds

answer

B. megaspores that develop into female gametophytes and microspores that develop into male gametophytes

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35. Sori can be found in which of the following? A. mosses B. charophytes C. hornworts D. pterophytes E. liverworts

answer

D. pterophytes

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36. In sporophyte ferns, the leaves are... A. megaphlls B. blades C. microphlls D. protonemata E. sporangia

answer

A. megaphlls

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37. The first large forests formed in the Carboniferous Period. The decrease in CO2 levels by all of these plants caused... A. global cooling B. seed plants to become the dominant types of plants on Earth C. a lack of CO2 for photosynthesis D. the formation of fewer stomata in plant leaves E. global warming

answer

A. global cooling

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