CH. 28 Questions – Flashcards
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What term is used to describe the capacity of some erythrocytes to vary in size, especially in relationship to some anemias?
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Anisocytosis
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What is the fundamental physiologic manifestation of anemia?
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Hypoxia
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The paresthesia that occurs in vitamin B12 deficiency anemia is a result of which of the following?
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Myelin degeneration in the spinal cord
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Which of the following describes how the body compensates for anemia?
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Increasing rate and depth of breathing
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Which of the following is classified as a megaloblastic anemia?
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Pernicious
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Deficiencies in folate and vitamin B12 alter the synthesis of which of the following?
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DNA
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The underlying disorder of which anemia is a result of the defective secretion of the intrinsic factor, which is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12?
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Pernicious
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After a person has a subtotal gastrectomy for chronic gastritis, which type of anemia will result?
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Pernicious
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What causes the atrophy of gastric mucosal cells that result in pernicious anemia?
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Vitamin B12 malabsorption
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Which statement best describes a Schilling test?
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Administration of radioactive cobalamin and the measurement of its excretion in the urine to test for vitamin B12 deficiency
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What is the treatment of choice for pernicious anemia (PA)?
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Vitamin B12 by injection
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Which condition resulting from untreated pernicious anemia (PA) is fatal?
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Heart failure
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How is the effectiveness of vitamin B12 therapy measured?
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Reticulocyte count
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Which statement about folic acid is false?
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Folic acid absorption is dependent on the enzyme folacin
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Which anemia produces small, pale erythrocytes?
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Iron deficiency
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Which type of anemia is characterized by fatigue, weakness, and dyspnea, as well as conjunctiva of the eyes and brittle, concave nails?
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Iron deficiency
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What is the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia (IDA)?
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Chronic blood loss
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Continued therapy of pernicious anemia (PA) generally lasts how long?
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The rest of one's life
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Sideroblastic anemia can occasionally result from an autosomal recessive transmission inherited from which relative?
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Mother
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Clinical manifestations of mild-to-moderate splenomegaly and hepatomegaly, bronze-colored skin, and cardiac dysrhythmias are indicative of which anemia?
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Sideroblastic
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Considering sideroblastic anemia, what would be the expected effect on the plasma iron levels?
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Plasma iron levels would be high
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In aplastic anemia (AA), pancytopenia develops as a result of which of the following?
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Suppression of the bone marrow to produce adequate amounts of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes
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What is the most common pathophysiologic process that triggers aplastic anemia (AA)?
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Autoimmune disease against hematopoiesis by activated cytotoxic T (Tc) cells
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An allogenic bone marrow transplantation remains the preferred method for treating which anemia?
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Aplastic
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Which statement is true regarding warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
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Erythrocytes are bound to macrophages and sequestered in the spleen
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When considering hemolytic anemia, which statement is true regarding the occurrence of jaundice?
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Heme destruction exceeds the liver's ability to conjugate and excrete bilirubin
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Erythrocyte life span of less than 120 days, ineffective bone marrow response to erythropoietin, and altered iron metabolism describe the pathophysiologic characteristics of which type of anemia?
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Anemia of chronic disease
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What is the primary cause of the symptoms of polycythemia vera?
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Increased blood viscosity
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Treatment for polycythemia vera involves which of the following?
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Therapeutic phlebotomy and radioactive phosphorus
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Considering iron replacement therapy prescribed for iron deficiency anemia, who is likely to require long-term daily maintenance dosage?
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A woman who has not yet experienced menopause
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Which statement is true regarding the physical manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency anemia?
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Symptoms are a result of demyelination
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A 2000 ml blood loss will produce which assessment finding?
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Air hunger; rapid thready pulse; cold clammy skin
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Which medications are associated with an intermediate increase in a person's risk for developing aplastic anemia?
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Chloramphenicol (chloromycetin); phenytoin (Dilantin); trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
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Which conditions are generally included in the symptoms of pernicious anemia (PA)?
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Weakness, Low hemoglobin, Paresthesias, Low hematocrit
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What are the clinical manifestations of folate deficiency anemia?
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Flatulence, Dysphagia, Stomatitis, Cheilosis
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Which diseases are commonly associated with anemia of chronic disease?
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Rheumatoid arthritis; AIDS; Systemic lupus erythematosus; chronic hepatitis
