Ch. 24 Study Guide History – Flashcards
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In what way was the construction of the Panama Canal as Roosevelt said, "the most important action in foreign affairs"?
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It solidified American influence in Latin America.
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A major effect of the labor shortage caused by the war was
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a great migration of southern African Americans to northern cities.
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The German sinking of the ________ in 1915 cost 128 American lives and enraged the American public.
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Lusitania
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What attitudes about race did the American Expeditionary Force reflect?
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Blacks were considered inferior and should be segregated from whites and not given positions of authority.
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What was "labor peace," and how did it affect the war?
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X "Labor peace" was an alliance of government, business, and labor that benefited government and business interests, leaving labor longing for a return to peace and more normal working conditions.
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Wilson hurt his chances to get the Treaty of Versailles ratified
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because he was unwilling to compromise with opponents.
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How was the role of the United States in international affairs changing in the years immediately before the outbreak of World War I?
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The United States was becoming more of a world power.
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What trend did Roosevelt hope to break by passing the Roosevelt Corollary?
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the default on European loans by Latin American countries, such as Venezuela and the Dominican Republic
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The Zimmermann Telegram
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proposed an alliance between Germany and Mexico.
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What does the number of noncombatant deaths suggest about WWI casualties?
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X Most died outside their trenches, on battlefields, called "no-man's land."
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Which prohibited foreign corporations from building or purchasing sites with military potential in the Western Hemisphere?
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Lodge Corollary
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Why did some congressmen oppose the formation of the League of Nations?
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The League was an international body that infringed upon American autonomy.
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As a result of their participation in the war effort, African Americans
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were more and more inclined to fight discrimination.
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Why did Roosevelt announce the Roosevelt Corollary?
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to keep European powers out of Latin America
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What factors contributed to making World War I "the most terrible war of all time"?
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X The armies used new technology, such as airplanes and automatic rifles, to cause devastating damage to buildings and lives.
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Taft's policy of "dollar diplomacy"
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promoted American financial and business interests abroad.
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How can American foreign policy be characterized in the years between 1901 and 1920?
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aggressive and nationalistic
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In his approach to foreign affairs, Wilson could be described as
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a moralist.
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In the 1905 Taft-Katsura Agreement,
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the United States exchanged recognition of Japanese control of Korea for a Japanese pledge not to invade the Philippines.
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How did the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia in 1917 change the course of the war?
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X Russia renewed attacks on Germany from the east, so that Germany began to weaken, from fighting on both fronts.
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The Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty
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gave the United States control of the Panama Canal Zone.
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At the beginning of World War I, Great Britain
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sought to restrict American trade with Germany.
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How did the election of 1916 influence the nation's involvement in the First World War?
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By electing Wilson, Americans showed their determination to remain neutral in WWI, although this was a short-lived determination.
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In terms of foreign policy, Theodore Roosevelt
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sought to prepare the country for its role as a world power.
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How can Wilson's reaction to the sinking of the Lusitania best be characterized?
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forceful diplomacy
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President Wilson's first reaction when war broke out in Europe in 1914 was to
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declare United States neutrality.
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How were average Americans asked to participate in the war effort?
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They were asked to conserve gasoline, meat, and wheat; they were encouraged to plant gardens to supplement their needs.
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Why did the nation's progressives oppose U.S. involvement in World War I?
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They opposed all war as being an obstacle to social reform.
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The Committee on Public Information
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launched a vitriolic campaign against Germany.
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To finance the war effort, the U.S. government relied primarily on
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sales of "Liberty Bonds."
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In 1915, Wilson supported preparedness because of
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the growing German U-boat crisis.
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Which was the only one of Wilson's Fourteen Points to actually be implemented?
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X removal of barriers to international trade.
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Woodrow Wilson's decision to invade Mexico in 1916 followed the murder of several Americans by
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Pancho Villa.
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How was Wilson's treatment of Mexico similar to Roosevelt's treatment of Colombia?
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Both men showed paternalistic condescension in their dealings with Latin American governments.
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The American contribution in World War I
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although relatively small was vital to Allied success.
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The leader of the American Expeditionary Force was
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John J. Pershing.
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During World War I, the War Industries Board
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oversaw the production of America's factories.
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How was Wilson's practice of foreign affairs similar to his evolution over social reforms?
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At the beginning of his presidency, he tried to change his predecessors' policies and ended up following most of them in the end.
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At the beginning of World War I, Americans
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generally accepted neutrality.
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One of Wilson's major goals at the Paris Peace Conference was to
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found a League of Nations to enforce peace.
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How did U.S. neutrality in World War I finally come to an end?
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Germany proposed an alliance with Mexico and sank five American ships in ten days.
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Why was the signing of the Taft-Katsura Agreement strategically important for the United States?
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It gave the United States free rein in the Philippines.
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In mediating the conflict between Russia and Japan, Roosevelt
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recognized the increasing importance of Japan.
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How did the Sussex Pledge affect U.S. involvement in World War I?
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It postponed U.S. involvement.
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How did Wilson direct the United States' involvement during the war?
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He established agencies to focus factory, food, and mine production to the war effort.
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What effect did U.S. involvement in the war have on American civil liberties?
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X Propaganda campaigns led to programs and congressional acts that interred German-Americans in work camps, denying their civil liberties.
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What was the role of economic factors in ending U.S. neutrality during World War I?
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U-boat attacks prevented the United States from trading freely with Europe and required U.S. involvement.
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What were the tests of Wilson's "moral diplomacy"?
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The conflicts of Mexico and World War I demonstrated that U.S. morality wouldn't keep militarism under control.
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Compared with William Jennings Bryan, Robert Lansing
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urged a strong stand against the Germans.
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The American Expeditionary Force
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X was initially well prepared and trained for war.
