Ch. 23 World History and Geography Vocabulary The French Revolution and Napoleon – Flashcards
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Old Regime
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The Political and Social system that existed in France before the French Revolution
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estate
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France's traditional national assembly with representatives of the three estates, or classes, in French society: the clergy, nobility, and commoners. The calling of the Estates General in 1789 led to the French Revolution.
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Louis XVI
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- King of France (1774-1792). In 1789 he summoned the Estates-General, but he did not grant the reforms that were demanded and revolution followed. Louis and his queen, Marie Antoinette, were executed in 1793.
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Marie Antoinette
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Queen of France (as wife of Louis XVI) who was unpopular her extravagance and opposition to reform contributed to the overthrow of the monarchy; she was guillotined along with her husband (1755-1793)
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Estates
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France's traditional national assembly with representatives of the three estates, or classes, in French society: the clergy, nobility, and commoners. The calling of the Estates General in 1789 led to the French Revolution.
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National Assembly
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3rd estate declaration that it was the only true govt. in france
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Tennis Court Oath
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A pledge made by the members of France's National Assembly in 1789, in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution
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Great Fear
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A wave of senseless panic that spread through the French countryside after the storming of the Bastille in 1789
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Legislative Assembly
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A French congress with the power to create laws and approve declarations of war, established by the constitution of 1791.
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émigré
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French nobility who fled country to escape the Revolution
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sans-culotte
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In the French Revolution, a radical group made up of Parisian wage-earners, and small shopkeepers who wanted a greater voice in government, lower prices, and an end of food shortages
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Jacobin
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Radical republicans during the French Revolution. They were led by Maximilien Robespierre from 1793 to 1794.
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guillotine
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A machine for beheading people, used as a means of execution during the French Revolution.
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Maximilien Robespierre
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"The incorruptable;" the leader of the bloodiest portion of the French Revolution. He set out to build a republic of virtue.
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Reign of Terror
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1793-1794
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Georges Danton
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French revolutionary leader who stormed the Paris bastille and who supported the execution of Louis XVI but was guillotined by Robespierre for his opposition to the Reign of Terror (1759-1794)
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Napoleon Bonaparte
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. Overthrew French Directory in 1799 and became emperor of the French in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile. (p. 591)
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coup d'état
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A sudden overthrow of the government by a small group
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plebiscite
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A direct vote in which a country's people have the opportunity to approve or reject a proposal
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lycee
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french government-run public schools
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concordat
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Agreement between Pope and Napoleon: Napoleon recognized Catholocism as the religion of the majority of France, Pope does not ask for any land back seized during the Revolution
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Napoleonic Code
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A comprehensive and uniform system of laws established for France by Napoleon
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Battle of Trafalgar
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an 1805 naval battle in which Napoleon's forces were defeated by a British fleet under the command of Horatio Nelson.
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blockade
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a war measure that isolates some area of importance to the enemy
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guerrilla
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a member of an irregular armed force that fights a stronger force by sabotage and harassment
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Peninsular War
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A conflict, lasting from 1808 to 1813, in which Spanish Rebels, with the aid of British forces, fought to drive Napoleons French troops out of Spain.
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scorched early policy
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invasion of russia
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Waterloo
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1815
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Hundred Days
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1933
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Congress of Vienna
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1814-1815
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Klemens von Metternich
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This was Austria's foreign minister who wanted a balance of power in an international equilibrium of political and military forces that would discourage aggression
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balanceof power
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distributution of military and economic power so no single nation becomes too strong
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legitimacy
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A characterization of elections by political scientists meaning that they are almost universally accepted as a fair and free method of selecting political leaders.
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Holy Alliance
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A league of European nations formed by the leaders of Russia, Austria, and Prussia after the Congress of Vienna
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Concert of Europe
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A series of alliances among European nations in the 19th century, devised by Prince Klemens von Metternich to prevent the outbreak of revolutions
