Ch.18 Test – Flashcards
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The 1920 census of the United States revealed that A.the western frontier had ended. B.a majority of Americans lived in "urban" areas. C.for the first time since 1790, American women outnumbered men. D.the majority of the nation's population had arrived as immigrants since 1880. E.California was now the most populous state.
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B.a majority of Americans lived in "urban" areas.
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In the late nineteenth century, the population in urban a reas of the United States A.increased mainly as a result of longer life expectancy. B.experienced massive growth even where there was little immigration. C.rose as the number of children born into urban families doubled between 1870 and 1900. D.soared as the rates of infant mortality and disease significantly declined. E.mostly came from Europe.
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E.mostly came from Europe.
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The largest number of immigrants to the United States in the late nineteenth century came from A.southern and eastern Europe. B.Mexico and Central America. C.Great Britain and Germany. D.China and Japan. E.Ireland and Italy.
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southern and eastern Europe.
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In the late nineteenth century, immigrants in the United States A.were generally better educated than immigrants who arrived a generation before. B.took up semi-skilled craft jobs. C.avoided ports like Ellis Island for fear they would be denied entry. D.generally lacked the capital to buy farmland. E.settled overwhelmingly in the relatively empty Northwest.
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D. generally lacked the capital to buy farmland.
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5.By 1890, the percentage of the populations of Chicago, New York, and Detroit that were made up of immigrants was roughly A.20-30 percent. B.40-50 percent. C.50-60 percent. D.60-65 percent. E.80-85 percent.
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E.80-85 percent.
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6.In the late nineteenth century, most immigrants to the United States A.were already experienced as urban-dwelling, industrial workers. B.found the transition to their new country to be fairly easy. C.formed close-knit ethnic communities within the cities. D.totally cut their links to their native countries. E.read English-language newspapers and frequented chain stores.
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C. formed close-knit ethnic communities within the cities.
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7.In the late nineteenth century, compared to other immigrant ethnic groups, Jews A.advanced rapidly economically. B.placed a high value on education. C.huddled together in ethnic neighborhoods. D.both advanced rapidly economically, and huddled together in ethnic neighborhoods. E.All these answers are correct.
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E. All these answers are correct.
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Compared with the first generation, second generation immigrants were more likely to A.hold on to their old ethnic habits. B.lose faith in the United States due to the hardships they experienced. C.break from their traditional culture. D.resist external social pressures to assimilate. E.return to the Old World for good.
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C.break from their traditional culture.
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In the late nineteenth century, the assimilation of immigrants was encouraged by A.the sale of American products. B.public education. C.church leaders. D.religious reform. E.All these answers are correct.
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E.All these answers are correct.
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The primary goal of the American Protective Association was to A.require immigrants to sign loyalty oaths to the United States government. B.limit immigration to those who already had relatives living in the United States. C.give "native" Americans preference over immigrants in employment opportunities. D.stop immigrants from entering the United States. E.make English the official language of the United States.
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D.stop immigrants from entering the United States.
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In 1894, the Immigration Restriction League A.sought a ban on all immigration to the United States for fifteen years. B.proposed screening immigrants to allow only the "desirable" ones to enter. C. sought a ban on immigrants from Europe, but not Asia. D.called for the establishment of a tax on all immigrants. E.pushed strongly for the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act.
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B. proposed screening immigrants to allow only the "desirable" ones to enter.
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In 1882, the first group of immigrants to be excluded from the United States on the basis of their nationality were A.Chinese. B.Japanese. C.Mexicans. D.Slavs. E.Irish.
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A.Chinese.
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One significant innovation of urban America in the late nineteenth century was A.city fire-fighting companies. B.large public parks. C. paved roads. D.public hospitals. E.water treatment facilities.
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B.large public parks.
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The principle force behind the creation of great public buildings in the late nineteenth century was A.wealthy residents. B.community service organizations. C.state governments. D.the federal government. E.ethnic political machines.
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A.wealthy residents.
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The "city beautiful" movement in the United States was inspired, in part, by A.the economic depression of 1893. B.the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago. C.the new technology of skyscrapers. D.both the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago, and by the new technology of skyscrapers. E.None of these answers is correct.
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B.the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago.
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In the late nineteenth century, suburbs on the edges of American cities were largely populated by A.very poor people. B.the working class. C.the moderately well-to-do people. D.people from all income backgrounds. E.very wealthy people.
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C.the moderately well-to-do people.
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In 1894, the population density of Manhattan in New York was A.significantly less than the density of New York today. B.equal to the density of Paris. C.significantly less than most major European cities. D.greater than in all major American cities except Boston. E.far greater than the most crowded European cities.
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E.far greater than the most crowded European cities.
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Tenement buildings in urban America were A.first constructed in Chicago in the 1880s. B.intended to be occupied as single-family dwellings. C.initially praised as an improvement in housing for the poor. D.subsidized by city governments. E.considered luxury housing by most urban residents.
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C.initially praised as an improvement in housing for the poor.
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In the 1890s, Jacob Riis A.favored stopping immigration as a way to improve urban American cities. B.crusaded to expose political corruption in major American cities. C.documented the stories of wealthy Americans who came from humble origins. D.reported on the living conditions of the urban poor to encourage improvements. E.pushed for the creation of mass transit systems and outlying suburbs in America's cities.
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D.reported on the living conditions of the urban poor to encourage improvements.
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By 1900, the transportation systems of American cities included A.elevated railroads. B.subways. C.electric trolleys and cable cars. D.suspension bridges. E.All these answers are correct.
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E.All these answers are correct.
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In 1884, the first "modern" skyscraper built in the United States A.had no elevators. B.was located in Boston. C.was constructed with steel girders. D.was built entirely of brick. E.was located in New York City.
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C.was constructed with steel girders.
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In the early twentieth century, efforts to improve environmental problems in American cities A.were nonexistent. B.focused on the wealthy and ignored the urban poor. C.included a new federal environmental regulatory agency. D.led many cities to ban horses from their streets. E.did not yet include the construction of sewage disposal systems.
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C.included a new federal environmental regulatory agency.
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In the late nineteenth century, efforts to reduce poverty in America A.saw the Salvation Army focus primarily on establishing shelters for the homeless. B.saw charitable organizations try to limit aid to those deemed "deserving poor." C.included federally-funded studies attempting to identify the causes of poverty. D.generally were led by reformers who had grown up in impoverished communities. E.included public works programs funded by municipal property taxes.
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B.saw charitable organizations try to limit aid to those deemed "deserving poor."
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In the late nineteenth century, crime in large American urban centers A.led many city governments to create professional public police departments. B.swelled in the twenty years between 1880 and 1900. C.was often blamed on the violent proclivities of immigrant groups. D.was often blamed on the violent proclivities of immigrant groups, and led many city governments to create professional public police departments. E.All these answers are correct.
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E.All these answers are correct.
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Theodore Dreiser's 1900 novel, Sister Carrie, dealt with A.his belief that religious organizations were perverting society. B.the qualities of the upper class. C.the need to return to a more rural and natural life. D.the dehuminization of mass communications. E.social dislocations and injustices of the present.
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E.social dislocations and injustices of the present.
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In the late nineteenth century, political "machines" in cities owed their existence to A.the rapid growth of urban America. B.the influx of millions of immigrants. C.the lack of Democratic and Republican organization in cities. D.the rapid growth of urban America and the influx of millions of immigrants. E.the influx of millions of immigrants and the lack of Democratic and Republican organization in cities.
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D.the rapid growth of urban America and the influx of millions of immigrants.
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In the late nineteenth century, urban political bosses did all of the following EXCEPT A.give out patronage. B.win votes for their political organization. C.provide material assistance to the poor. D.enrich themselves through graft and corruption. E.reduce the costs of city services.
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E.reduce the costs of city services.
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In the late nineteenth century, the Tammany Hall political machine A.saw its most famous boss, William M. Tweed, sent to prison. B.was one of the few machines that did not engage in graft and corruption. C.operated out of Chicago. D.operated out of Chicago and saw its most famous boss, William M. Tweed, sent to prison. E.All these answers are correct.
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A.saw its most famous boss, William M. Tweed, sent to prison.
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In the last decades of the nineteenth century, incomes in the United States A.rose for almost all Americans. B.declined for most unskilled workers. C.remained the same for most Americans. D.increased for white Americans, but decreased for most other ethnic groups. E.grew more unequal, while the middle class shrunk.
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A.rose for almost all Americans.
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During the late nineteenth century, all of the following innovations occurred in consumer goods EXCEPT A.the emergence of ready-made clothing. B.the formation of credit card companies. C.the ability to refrigerate foods artificially. D.the opening of large department stores. E.the development and mass production of tin cans.
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B.the formation of credit card companies.
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The national network of grocery stores that started in the 1850s was A.the A&P. B.Food Lion. C.Seven-Eleven. D.PigglyWiggly. E.Harris Teeter.
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A.the A&P.
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In the 1890s, Florence Kelley and the National Consumers League sought to A.encourage immigrants to become greater consumers. B.improve the safety and quality of consumer products. C.protect family businesses from the competition of corporate retailers. D.improve wages and working conditions of manufacturers and retailers. E.All these answers are correct.
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D.improve wages and working conditions of manufacturers and retailers.
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At the end of the nineteenth century, most Americans viewed leisure time A.as the province solely of children and the elderly. B.on a par with laziness. C.as something not attainable for the average worker. D.as reserved for the extremely wealthy. E.as being desirable.
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E.as being desirable.
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In the late nineteenth century, leisure activities tended to be divided by A.gender. B.class. C.race. D.both race and gender. E.All these answers are correct.
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E.All these answers are correct.
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The nineteenth-century game of "rounders" became the modern sport of A.basketball. B.baseball. C.golf. D.football. E.soccer.
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B.baseball.
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In 1869, Princeton and Rutgers played the first intercollegiate game in America of A.baseball. B.boxing. C.football. D.basketball. E.soccer.
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C.football.
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In the nineteenth century, vaudeville theater A.consisted of a variety of stage acts. B.only employed white performers. C.had been created in the United States. D.both consisted of a variety of stage acts, and only employed white performers. E.None of these answers is correct.
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A.consisted of a variety of stage acts
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At the turn of the twentieth century, motion pictures A.had been invented by D. W. Griffith. B.were the first true mass entertainment medium. C.operated under strict morality codes. D.both were the first true mass entertainment medium, and operated under strict morality codes. E.All these answers are correct.
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B.were the first true mass entertainment medium.
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Which of the following statements regarding Coney Island is FALSE? A.The average daily attendance at Luna Park in 1904 was 90,000 people. B.Many visitors relaxed their conventions of Victorian social behavior. C.The park developed a reputation for wholesome, family attractions. D.Thepark experienced phenomenal popularity until after World War I. E.The park provided lavish reproductions of exotic places and spectacular adventures.
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C.The park developed a reputation for wholesome, family attractions.
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During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the growth of newspapers A.resulted in most large cities being serviced by one dominant paper. B.led to a significant decline in the telegraph industry. C.was largely due to national population growth. D.saw newspaper circulation increase much more rapidly than the general population. E.did not coincide with a rise in journalists' salaries.
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D.saw newspaper circulation increase much more rapidly than the general population.
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Which American writer would be LEAST associated with the trend toward social realism in literature in the late nineteenth century? A.Mark Twain B.Upton Sinclair C.Frank Norris D.Stephen Crane E.Theodore Dreiser
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A.Mark Twain
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The American artistic movement known as the "Ashcan School" A.portrayed an idealized image of rural life. B.was strongly influenced by Old World masters. C.included the painter Edward Hopper. D.was most identified with the work of John Singer Sargent. E.rejected expressionism and abstraction as artistic fads.
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C.included the painter Edward Hopper.
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Charles Darwin's theories of evolution met initial resistance from A.theologians. B.scientists. C.educators. D.both theologians and educators. E.All these answers are correct.
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E.All these answers are correct.
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According to the philosophy of pragmatism, society should be guided by A.scientific inquiry. B.inherited ideals. C.democratic tradition. D.moral principles. E.religious faith.
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A.scientific inquiry.
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Which American thinker is LEAST associated with study using scientific methods? A.Henry James B.William Graham Sumner C.Charles Darwin D.John Dewey E.Edward A. Ross
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A.Henry James
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Which statement about education in the late nineteenth century is FALSE? A.It was a period of rapid expansion for public schools. B.By 1900, most states required compulsory school attendance. C.Educational opportunities extended to Indian tribes as well. D.Southern blacks had far less access to education than southern whites. E.Funding for public education was highest in rural areas.
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E.Funding for public education was highest in rural areas.
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In the late nineteenth century, American universities A.significantly grew in number due to the Morrill Land Grant. B.had a strong commitment to practical knowledge. C.began to form relationships with the private sector and the government. D.both had a strong commitment to practical knowledge, and began to form relationships with the private sector and the government. E.All these answers are correct.
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E.All these answers are correct.
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During the late nineteenth century, college education for American women A.did not exist. B.had expanded significantly. C.offered no coeducational opportunities. D.allowed women to be schooled only by male faculty. E.had no real effect on the marrying age of nineteenth-century women.
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B.had expanded significantly.
