Ch 18 Review AP Euro – Marsh – Flashcards
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At the beginning of the eighteenth century,
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the old order still remained strong.
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The European peasantry in the eighteenth century
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made up a large portion of the population and "often owed extensive compulsory services to aristocratic landowners."
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The special legal privileges of the European nobility included all of the following except
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guarantees against becoming poor.
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Andrea Palladio was a noted Venetian
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architect.
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The Grand Tour
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generally completed the proper education of an aristocrat's sons.
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Which of the following statements best describes eighteenth-century European cities?
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They were still filthy and lacked proper sanitation
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By the eighteenth century, the largest European city in terms of population was
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London.
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The problem of poverty in the eighteenth-century Europe was
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aggravated by the hostile feelings of government officials toward the poor.
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Which one of the following non-native, imported products allowed Irish peasants to survive on the small plots of land left to them by English landlords?
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potatoes.
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The domestic system of industrial production in Flanders and England became known as the
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cottage system.
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A key financial innovation of the eighteenth century was
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the circulation of paper banknotes compensating for the lack of coinage.
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All of the following are correct about trade and commerce in the eighteenth century except the last:
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Trade within Europe was still greater than overseas trade, there was a dramatic increase in trade between European nations and their colonies, the Atlantic trade contributed to the growth of European cities, and overseas trade let to the growth of related industries, such as textile manufacturing. Wrong: International trade had become greater than trade within Europe
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Which of the following cities did not benefit significantly from eighteenth century Atlantic trade?
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Rome
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A favorite type of private charity supported by the rich in eighteenth-century Europe was
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foundling homes for poor and abandoned children.
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Europe's unequal social organization in the eighteenth century was
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determined by the division of society into traditional orders.
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Of the great European powers in the eighteenth century, the only one not to possess a standing army and to rely on mercenaries was
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Great Britain.
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European population growth in the second half of the eighteenth century
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was nearly double the rate of the first half of the century.
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All of the following contributed to the growth of population in the second half of the eighteenth century except
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the end of typhus and smallpox.
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A key financial advantage the British government enjoyed over French rulers in the eighteenth century was
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Britain's capacity to borrow large sums of money at low rates of interest.
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All of the following were persistent trends in the upper-class eighteenth-century European family except the last:
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childhood being viewed more and more as a special phase in human development, the use of wet nurses, the decline in the total number of children per family, and the use of a variety of birth control techniques. Wrong: children often removed from foundling homes and boarded at state and municipal workshops.
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European society in the eighteenth century witnessed
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the continued dominance of the nuclear family
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New European attitudes toward children are made visible in all of the following except the last:
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Changes in the ordinary clothing of children, the production of more games and toys for children, the great interest of lower-class mothers in breast-feeding infants, and childhood being viewed more and more as a special phase in human development. Wrong: a reinforcement of the custom of primogeniture.
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European diplomacy during the eighteenth century was predicted on the idea that
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in a balance of power, one state should not achieve dominance over another.
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The War of Austrian Succession began in 1740 when Prussia attacked the Habsburg province of
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Silesia.
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The young Habsburg empress whose country was attacked in the War of Austrian Succession was
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Maria Theresa.
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The Diplomatic Revolution resulted when Maria Theresa of Austria refused to recognized the loss of
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Silesia, and gained a French alliance.
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Which war do some historians regard as the first world war?
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The Seven Years' War
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As a result of the French and Indian Wars, France
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lost Canada.
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European warfare in the eighteenth century was characterized by
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limited objectives and elaborate maneuvers.
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Catherine the Great of Russia
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followed a successful policy of expansion against the Turks.
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Pugachev's rebellion broke out after
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Catherine II worsened conditions for the peasantry.
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Which of the following countries did not participate in the partition of Poland:
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England.
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The dismemberment of Poland in the late eighteenth century
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showed the necessity of a strong, centralized monarchy to defend a state in the period.
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During the eighteenth century, Spain
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was temporarily rejuvenated by the reforms of Philip V.
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Labeled as "one of the most enlightened monarchs of his age" and among the most successful in wresting power away from the nobility was
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King Gustavus III
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Enlightened absolutism in the eighteenth century
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could never completely overcome the political and social realities of the time.
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By the eighteenth century, the Dutch Republic
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suffered a decline in economic prosperity.
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A continuing trend throughout eighteenth-century Prussia was
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the social and military dominance of the Junker nobility
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Under the reign of Frederick William I, Prussia
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became a highly centralized European state.
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Under Frederick II "the Great" of Prussia, the most important offices in the government usually went to
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members of the nobility.
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The Austrian Empire under Joseph II
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witnessed general discontent due to Joseph's enlightenment but radical reforms.
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In a sincere effort to reform his domains typical of enlightened rulers, the Austrian emperor Joseph II issued
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6,000 decrees and 11,000 new laws.
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The enlightened legal reforms expressed by Catherine the Great in her Instruction
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accomplished little due to heavy opposition and were soon forgotten.
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Politically, the period from 1715 to 1789 witnessed
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the continuing process of centralization in the development of nation-states.
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During the eighteenth century, the idea of Divine Right
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idea of "inalienable rights": equality before the law, freedom of religion, freedom of press, right to assemble, right to hold property, pursuit of happiness.
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France in the eighteenth century
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Louis XIV left France in debt and unhappy; succeeded shortly by a 5-year old (his grandson) Louis XV (1715-1774) was a weak and lazy ruler, influenced by his own mistresses (famously, Madame de Pompadour) Louis XVI (1774-1792) was maybe worse than Louis XV; he was weak, lazy, didn't know how to run a government
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Louis XV's most famous mistress was
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Madame de Pompadour.
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In the 1700s, members of the British Parliament were
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chosen in different ways in different districts.
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In England, a legislative district controlled by one man or one family was known was a
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pocket borough.
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The South Sea Bubble
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