Ch. 18 I.V therapy – Flashcards
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I.V THERAPY IS USED TO ADMINISTER:
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drugs fluids blood and/or blood components TPN
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INDICATIONS FOR I.V THERAPY USE
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for rapid drug effect when drug isn't available orally pt. can't swallow PO meds drug needs to be maintained @ a certain level in blood
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I.V FLUIDS CAN PROVIDE
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water normal saline electrolytes amino acids lipids vitamins glucose
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BLOOD COMPONENTS CONSIST OF
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packed red blood cells frozen red blood cells platelets plasma proteins
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SOLUTION
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a liquid containing one or more dissolved substances
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CRYSTALLOIDS
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fluids that contain water and electrolytes
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COLLOIDS
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fluids containing blood and/or blood components
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TONICITY
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measure of concentration of electrolytes in fluids
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ISOTONIC
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solution that has same concentration as body fluids (285 mEq/L)
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HYPERTONIC
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concentration is greater than 300 mEq/L (these increase blood volume)
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HYPOTONIC
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concentration is less than 280 mEq/L (these decrease blood volume)
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EXAMPLE OF AN ISOTONIC SOLUTION
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0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline)
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CANNULA
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needle or catheter used for intravenous therapy.
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CATHETER
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small plastic tube that fits over or inside a needle
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ADVANTAGES OF APICC LINE OVER OTHER CENTRAL LINES
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easier insertion cost saving no risk of pneumothorax or hemothorax very low risk of infection or air embolism less arm restriction less traumatic to vein
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CENTRAL LINES ARE USED WHEN
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pt. has poor peripheral veins when irritating fluids are administered
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S/S OF FLUID VOLUME EXCESS
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increase blood pressure bounding pulse edema dyspnea
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RESPONSE IF S/S ARE PRESENT
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stop infusion raise HOB call physician
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SEVERE FLUID VOLUME EXCESS CAN CAUSE
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congested heart failure pulmonary edema
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RISK FACTORS FOR FLUID VOLUME OVERLOAD
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large volume infusion decreased cardiac output decreased renal function young children older adults
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S/S OF AIR EMBOLISM
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SOB hypotension (possible shock or cardiac arrest)
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STEPS TO TAKE IF AIR GETS INTO I.V LINE
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lower HOB turn pt. on left side (this traps air in right atrium, where it can be absorbed)
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EMBOLISM
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obstruction created by a trapped embolus
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EMBOLUS
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unattached blood clot
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EXTRAVASATION
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Escape of fluid or blood from a blood vessel into body tissue
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INFILTRATION
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Collection of infused fluid in tissues surrounding a cannula inserted for intravenous therapy.
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PHLEBITIS
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Inflammation of a vein
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THROMBUS
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stationary blood clot
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TUBING USED TO GIVE BLOOD, LIPIDS OR TPN
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should be changed every 24 hours
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SHORT PERPHERAL CANNULAS & TUBING SHOULD BE CHANGED
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every 48-72 hours
