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the policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories

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Imperialism

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realized her reign in Hawaii was ending

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Queen Liliuekalani

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U.S. Navy admiral, urged government officials to build up American naval power in order to compete with powerful nations

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Alfred T. Mahan

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cuban poet and jouranlist in exile in NY, launched revolution in 1895. Oragnaized Cuban resistance against Spain by using active guerrilla campaign and destroying property including american sugar mills and plantations

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Jose Marti

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Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers

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yellow journalism

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mckinley ordered the ________ to cuba to bring home American citizens in danger from fighting and to protect American property. The ship blew up in the harbor of Havana (killing 260 men)

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U.S.S Maine

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This act established Puerto Rico as an unorganized U.S. territory. Puerto Ricans were not given U.S. citizenship, but the U.S. president appointed the island's governor and governing council.

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foraker act

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cuba cant make treaties that might limit its independence or permit a foreign power to control any part of its terriroty US can intervene cannot go into debt US can buy or lease land on island for naval ships and refueling stations

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platt amendments

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country whos affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power

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protectorate

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A social theory which states that the level a person rises to in society and wealth is determined by their genetic background.

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Social Darwinism

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1899, Rudyard Kipling's poem, "The White Man's Burden," critical about imperialism. saw the world as Eurocentric and criticized the "white man's" need to westernize other cultures.

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"The White Man's Burden"

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-Secretary of State William Seward's negotiation of the purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867 for about $7 million -- about 2 cents per acre . At the time everyone thought this was a mistake to buy Alaska the "ice box" but it turned out to be the biggest bargain since the Louisiana purchase. They later realized Alaska was really useful for resources like fish, furs, and lumber.

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Seward's Folly

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Spanish Ambassador's letter that was illegally removed from the U.S. Mail and published by American newspapers. It criticized President McKinley in insulting terms. Used by war hawks as a pretext for war in 1898.

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De Lome letter

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1898 - America wanted Spain to peacefully resolve the Cuaban's fight for independence - the start of the war was due in large part to yellow journalism

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Spanish-American War

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The First United States Volunteer Calvary, a mixure of Ivy League athletes and western frontiermen, volunteered to fight in the Spanish-American War. Enlisted by Theodore Roosevelt, they won many battles in Florida and enlisted in the invasion army of Cuba.

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Rough Riders

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These were court cases dealing with islands/countries that had been recently annexed and demanded the rights of a citizen. These Supreme Court cases decided that the Constitution did not always follow the flag, thus denying the rights of a citizen to Puerto Ricans and Filipinos.

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Insular cases

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notes were letters addressed to the leaders of imperalist na tions proposing that the nations share their trading rights with the United States, thus creating an ________. This meant no single natiom would have monopoly on trade with any part of China. (other imperalist powers agreed reluctantly)

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Open Door notes

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boxers killed hundreds of missionaries and other foreigners, including chinese who converted to christanity. in august 1900 troops from britan, france, germany, and japan joined 2500 american soliders and ended their rebellion

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Boxer Rebellion

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(TR) , The United States built the Panama Canal to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic and vice versa. It cost $400,000,000 to build. Americans recieved the right to build it in the Papauncefote treaty . It helped panama gain independence from Columbia (which didnt support canal)

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Panama Canal

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(TR) , Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in Latin America by using military force, first put into effect in Dominican Republic

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Roosevelt Corollary

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Foreign policy created under President Taft that had the U.S. exchanging financial support ($) for the right to "help" countries make decisions about trade and other commercial ventures. Basically it was exchanging money for political influence in Latin America and the Caribbean.

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dollar diplomacy

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1908; Republican; continued and expanded upon Theodore Roosevelts policy of trustbusting (he even filed suit against the largest, US Steel), foreign policy characterized by "Dollar Diplomacy," proposed the 16th amendment creating a federal income tax (ratified in 1913 as he was leaving office)

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william taft

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1858-1919. 26th President. Increased size of Navy, "Great White Fleet". Added Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine. "Big Stick" policy. Received Nobel Peace Prize for mediation of end of Russo-Japanese war. Later arbitrated split of Morocco between Germany and France.

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theodore roosevelt

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A popular nationalist with the support and aid of the U.S. during the Mexican Revolution. Threatened Wilson with reprisals against U.S. Villa killed american engenieers, 150,000 men searched for Villa for revenge US angered Mexicans, clashed with army An outlaw in his youth, when the revolution started, he formed a cavalry army in the north of Mexico and fought for the rights of the landless in collaboration with Emiliano Zapata. (819)

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Francisco "Pancho" Villa

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believed that the US promised independence Filipino General helped US take Philipines during Spanish-American war helped Philippines gain freedom from US

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Emilio Aguinaldo

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(1910-1920 CE) Fought over a period of almost 10 years form 1910; resulted in ouster of Porfirio Diaz from power; opposition forces led by Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata.

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Mexican Revolution

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Secretary of State William Seward's negotiation of the purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867 for about $7 million -- about 2 cents per acre . At the time everyone thought this was a mistake to buy Alaska the "ice box" but it turned out to be the biggest bargain since the Louisiana purchase. They later realized Alaska was really useful for resources like fish, furs, and lumber.

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Seward's Folly

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Join or merge territory into an existing political unit such as a country or state

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Annex

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Woodrow Wilson's foreign policy to spread American ideals and institutions and democracy; said that the US had moral responsibility to deny recognition to any Latin American government it viewed as oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile

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Moral/Missionary Diplomacy

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a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

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Commonwealth

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belief that the US was most fit and destined to rule the Pacific and would help "inferior" peoples the by bringing them civilization and Christianity

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How did manifest destiny set the stage for American imperialism at the end of the 1800s?

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Economic- Competition among indust. nats. -->Desire to gain new markets(to counter overproduction+euro tariffs) and raw materials(to expand industrialization quickly), belief that more "land" would fuel economic growth and thus increase American prosperity and power Political- Belief that expansion would bring the US greater political power and military strength, making it better able to counter Europe Social- Belief that the US was most fit (and destined) to rule the Pacific and would help "inferior" peoples the by bringing them civilization and Christianity

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What factors led to the growth of imperialism in the late 1800s?

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social darwinism manifest destiny

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What social beliefs were used to justify imperialism?

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goes against american values of equality-two classes, one participates in gov and other is ruled by upper(imperialized countries)

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Why did some oppose imperialism?

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Often times imperialsits will believe they are helping an uncivilized country become more advanced and successful. They believe that the people they are conquering are an inferior race who wouldn't know how to govern themselves unless the white people showed them how. However, usually the imperialists do more to hurt than to help country they are conquering and, in the end, are onlyreally imperializing for the benefit of their country.

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How are race and imperialism connected?

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civil gov

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Why and how did the US gain control over the following Puerto Rico

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American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands

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What territories does the US have today?

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- US wanted to expand -major sugar exports -It was Spains last American colony -Cubans wanted their independence

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What were the causes and effects of the Spanish-American War?

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rebellion in cuba created instability post spanish control. troops sent to cuba to reestablish a us controlled provisional gov. the us would send marines whenever polit instibility arose. under roosevlt

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What influence did the US have on Cuba in the early 1900s?

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china-too big and far away-->didn't want to make it a colonie, & they didn't want to fight the euro powers who already had some control in the country phil.- is smaller+closer, not afraid to take control w/ ruthless tactics

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How was the US policy toward China different from US policy toward the Philippines? What can you attribute to the difference?

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desire to gain new markets and raw materials in china

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What beliefs about America's industrial capitalist economy were reflected in the Open Door policy?

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loans and economic (dollars!) investment as a way to spread american influence

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Why has Taft's foreign policy been coined "dollar diplomacy?"

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provided food+clothing helped farmers put land back into cultivation organized elementary schools improved sanitation+med research-->eliminate disease

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What were some of the "benefits" of US imperialism for other countries? Negatives?

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-rebellion causes instability -U.S. sends 5000 troops to reestablish a US controlled provisional gov -us sent marines for 2 decades with political insability -roosevelt

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How did the US become involved in the affairs of the following: Cuba

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Roosevelt's Corollary was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine that declared the United States could intervene, or use military force to keep peace, in Latin American countries when necessary. Dollar Diplomacy focused on business. Taft believed the United States should invest in other countries to countries. Woodrow Wilson, the next president, followed Moral Diplomacy, which is also known as Missionary Diplomacy, the idea of refusing to recognize governments that were not democratic Roosevelt's "big stick" was military Taft's "big stick" was business

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What are the similarities and differences between Roosevelt's Big Stick diplomacy, Taft's Dollar Diplomacy and Wilson's Missionary Diplomacy?

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Roosevelt feared that European powers would loan money to LA and thus become involved in the western hemisphere (a violation of the Monroe Doctrine). Because of this, this was an extension of the Monroe Doctrine, and became a part of the US foreign policy.

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why roosevelt corollary was made

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-ended was feb 6 1899 - made cuba independent -p.r. and guam given to U.S. -U.S. buys philippines for 20 mill

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treaty of paris

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-Japanese asked US to create negotiation -Treaty of Portsmouth (1905) -jap gains korea -caused US ti become involved with Asia -Roosevelt

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How did the US become involved in the affairs of the following: Japan/Russia

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-U.S. wanted help gain them independence from Colombia -Also build canal -US warships ensure independence (1903) -canals open 1914 along with ports -Roosevelt

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How did the US become involved in the affairs of the following: Panama

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-had trouble repaying loans to European nations -appeals to the US for help -Italian navy sails to Caribbean -American collector ordered to assume control of the customs houses and collect duties to avoid conflict (1904) -European intervention stopped and the Roosevelt Corollary is formed and articulated -roosevelt

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How did the US become involved in the affairs of the following: Dominican Republic

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- during the Rev, US got inolved by occupying cruise because it disagreeed with new corrupt goverment that was unfriendly with US -also arrested US soliders -marines occupy veracruz and refuse to leave while Huerta remained in power (1914) -general pershing and 15000 soldiers sent to mexico to capture villa -power is lost in mexico causing new leader who create a gov friendly to the US -wilson

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How did the US become involved in the affairs of the following: Mexico

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-britain and germany blockage of coastline because of leader refusing to repay loans -US provokes Monroe Doctrince to try to maintain boarders (1985) -US sends battleship, insists arbitration and sends Germany ultimatiums to mediate conflict (1902-1903) -eventually loans are payed back -roosevelt

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How did the US become involved in the affairs of the following: Venezuela

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-sent marines because of disturbances -became bankrupt to protect gov -2000 ,arines sent to support President Aldolfo Diaz's govt and put down revolt (1911) -set stage for marines being there until 1993 -roosevelt

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How did the US become involved in the affairs of the following: Nicaragua

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-stepping stone to china -trade with chiniese -U.S won it and payed 20 mill in treaty of paris -it use to be controled by Spain today it is independent

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How did the US become involved in the affairs of the following: Philippines

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US would now use force to protect econ interest in la

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How did the Roosevelt Corollary shape US actions in Latin America?

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made it a territory

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Why and how did the US gain control over the following American Samoa

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unorganized, unincorporated territory

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Why and how did the US gain control over the following: Midway Islands

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treaty of paris

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Why and how did the US gain control over the following: Philippines

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statehood

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Why and how did the US gain control over the following : Hawaii

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statehood

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Why and how did the US gain control over the following : Alaska

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