Ch 13. The Social Impact of the Protestant Reformation and The Catholic Reformation – Flashcards
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Reason why Christianity supported marriage over celibacy
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Not everyone could remain celibate, so those who chose to should do it in marriage to curb their sinful desires.
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Reality vs. Doctrine of marital relationships.
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Leaders preached equality in marriage, but even Luther acknowledged that the husband had rule over the wife in reality.
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Effect that Protestantism had on the path (career or otherwise) that women had in life
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No monasticism to go into; only option was marriage and childbearing.
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Why did schools broaden their student body after the Reformation?
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Increased need for semiliterate believers who could read the Bible for themselves.
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Title earned by Philip Melancthon, Luther's coworker, for his work in education which included splitting students into classes based on age and capability.
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Praecepter Germaniae (Teacher of Germany)
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In the gymnasiums (secondary schools) of Germany, what aspects of education were combined?
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Humanist emphasis on liberal arts and religion.
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Who founded the most famous school, in Strasbourg, in 1538?
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Johannes Sturm
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Two geographic groups of Protestants and what they tried to abolish, and result
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Puritans (English Calvinists) tried to abolish tavern drinking. Dutch Calvinists tried to abolish Christmas gifting. Both failed.
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Names for the attempted stopping by the Catholic Church of the Protestant Reformation, partly accomplished by making internal changes.
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Catholic Reformation or Counter-Reformation
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Spanish mystic who created a new Carmelite order
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Saint Teresa of Avila
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Group of Franciscans who wanted to return to Saint Francis' ways of poverty
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Capuchins
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This order placed emphasis on reforming the secular clergy
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The Theatines
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Order of nuns who focused on educating girls
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Ursulines
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Founder of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
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Ignatius of Loyola
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"Training Manual" written by Ignatius of Loyola for spiritual development through the Catholic church.
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The Spiritual Exercises
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Three activities of the Jesuits
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Education, preaching to non-Christians, combat against Protestantism
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Pope who, although he had bad practices himself, called a committee to judge the state of the papacy
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Paul III
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Cardinal who rejected Cardinal Contarani's compromises with the Protestants, forever making unity impossible.
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Caraffa
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He was called the "first true pope of the Catholic Counter-Reformation"
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Paul IV (Caraffa)
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Council convened by Pope Paul III to try for unity. Often held back by plague, war, etc.
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Council of Trent
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Things that the Council of Trent accomplished.
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Centralized power in the pope over councils and bishops. No indulgences. Most other stuff stayed the same.
