ch 13 learning curve – Flashcards
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Which stimulant crops were first cultivated in the Americas before spreading across the globe during the Columbian exchange? Tobacco and chocolate Chocolate and tea Coffee and tobacco Tea and coffee
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Tobacco and chocolate
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Which of the following can be characterized as a "sugar colony"? Philippines Brazil Mexico Peru
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Brazil
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Which of the following became part of the Russian Empire in the early modern period? Hungary Afghanistan Finland Siberia
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siberia
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Which empire brought together much of Hindu South Asia under Muslim rule? Gupta Empire Ottoman Empire Safavid Empire Mughal Empire
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Mughal Empire
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What was a significant factor that motivated Europeans to create their American empires? They sought to flee the plagues that ravaged Europe. China's insatiable demand for European goods led many merchants to seek more direct trade routes. Impoverished nobles and commoners found opportunity for gaining wealth and status in the Americas. Europeans feared that China would expand into the region if they did not.
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Impoverished nobles and commoners found opportunity for gaining wealth and status in the Americas.
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Which of the following statements best reflects the Spanish colonial economy in the former lands of the Aztecs and the Incas? It was organized into a plantation system based on slave labor. Because of the collapse of the Native American populations, large numbers of African Slaves and European workers made up most of the population. The economy was completely focused on the mining of gold and silver. The economy was based on the twin pillars of mining and commercial agriculture.
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The economy was based on the twin pillars of mining and commercial agriculture.
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Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of Russian settlers on Siberia? They had little impact on pastoralists, because Russian settlers were concentrated in a few small regions where crop-based agriculture was possible. They proved nearly ungovernable for the tsarist regime, with the Russian government frequently relying on native Siberians in their efforts to put down rebellions by Russian settlers. Strict segregation of Russian and native Siberians led to almost no intermarriage or mixed-race groups. They Russified the region, with many native populations adopting the Russian language and converting to Christianity.
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They Russified the region, with many native populations adopting the Russian language and converting to Christianity.
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Which of the following statements is true of Ottoman relations with the Christian West? Christian powers stood united against what they described as the greatest threat to the Christian West since the Vikings. A papal ban on trade with the Ottoman Empire succeeded in largely cutting economic ties between the Christian West and the Ottomans. The Ottoman sultan allied with the pope in his effort to outlaw the Eastern Orthodox faith. Western Christian artists and thinkers on occasion represented the Ottoman Empire in a positive light.
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Western Christian artists and thinkers on occasion represented the Ottoman Empire in a positive light.
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Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of the "great dying" on Native Americans in North America? Because they lived in much smaller population concentrations than their counterparts in Mesoamerica, they suffered little. It was equally devastating, leading to a similar collapse in the population. Because Native Americans in North America had a wider variety of domesticated animals than their counterparts elsewhere, they had established better immunities to Afro-Eurasian diseases. While North American Native Americans succumbed in similar numbers to Afro-Eurasian diseases, the specific diseases that affected them were different from the counterparts in Mesoamerica, the Caribbean, and the Andes.
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It was equally devastating, leading to a similar collapse in the population.
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Which of the following was a distinctive feature of racism in the United States as compared to Brazil? In Brazil the large number of white slaves meant that slavery was not associated with a particular race. Because of the large amount of racial mixing, racism was largely absent in Brazil. Any African ancestry, no matter how small or distant, made a person "black" in British North America. In the United States having a white father made you white.
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Any African ancestry, no matter how small or distant, made a person "black" in British North America.
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Which of the following statements best reflects the fate of native Siberians in the three centuries between 1500 and 1800? The reservation system set up by the Russian state kept the native Siberian population separate from Russian settlers. The banning of the Islamic faith by Catherine the Great in the late eighteenth century led to the forced conversion to Christianity of nearly all pastoralists in the region. The Russian Empire reflected the final triumph of agrarian civilization over the hunting and pastoral societies of the region. They were nearly completely eradicated and replaced by Russian settlers who adopted their pastoralist and gathering and hunting lifestyles to survive in the harsh environment.
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The Russian Empire reflected the final triumph of agrarian civilization over the hunting and pastoral societies of the region.
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Which of the following was a policy instituted by the Mughal emperor Akbar concerning Hindu women? He forbade the practice of sati, the practice of a widow following her husband to death by throwing herself on his funeral pyre. He persuaded merchants to set aside special market days for women to moderate their seclusion in the home. He named his Hindu daughter Nur Jahan as his successor to the throne. He ordered dancing girls to marry or leave the empire.
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He persuaded merchants to set aside special market days for women to moderate their seclusion in the home.
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Which of the following statements best reflects the long-term benefits of the Atlantic network? All societies that participated benefited equally from the new network. It propelled Europe into an increasingly central and commanding role on the world stage. Despite dominating the network, Europeans were not the group that most benefited from it. While taking a terrible human toll, the slave trade propelled Africa into an increasingly central and commanding position on the world stage.
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It propelled Europe into an increasingly central and commanding role on the world stage.
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Which of the following statements best reflects the Spanish settlers as a social group in the lands of the Aztecs and Incas during the seventeenth century? They were a united community in the face of a large native population. They made up nearly two-thirds of the population following the collapse of the Native American population in the sixteenth century. The group was unbalanced by gender, with few native Spanish women in the Americas. They increasingly rejected the idea that they were subjects of the Spanish monarch.
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The group was unbalanced by gender, with few native Spanish women in the Americas.
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Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of Russian settlers on Siberian societies? Strict segregation of Russian and native Siberians led to almost no intermarriage or mixed-race groups. They remained a small portion of the populations and were ultimately absorbed into native Siberian cultures. They had little impact on pastoralists, because Russian settlers were concentrated in a few small regions where crop-based agriculture was possible. They came in such large numbers that they overwhelmed native populations, giving the region a Russian character.
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They came in such large numbers that they overwhelmed native populations, giving the region a Russian character.
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Which of the following statements best reflects the impact on Turkish women of the creation of the Ottoman Empire? All of the relative independence that they enjoyed as pastoral women was lost, replaced with the patriarchal traditions of the Near East. Women lost all of their property rights. Women lost their traditional rights to represent themselves in court. Women retained some of the social power that they had enjoyed in pastoral societies.
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Women retained some of the social power that they had enjoyed in pastoral societies.
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Which of the following statements best describes societies in the Americas following the Columbian exchange? Mixing of European, African, and Native American cultures created entirely new societies. Societies became European, reflecting their new rulers. While new societies emerged, most Native American societies were able to survive. Societies became European with a few Native American elements integrated into the cultures of some regions.
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Mixing of European, African, and Native American cultures created entirely new societies.
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Which of the following was a distinctive feature of the slave plantation society in British North America as compared to Brazil? In British North America there was much more willingness to recognize the offspring of mixed race unions and accord them a place in society. British North America developed a much more complex set of racial categories than Brazil. More slaves were voluntarily freed in British North America than in Brazil, where slaves rarely survived long enough to earn their freedom. By the 1860s, nearly all slaves in the United States had been born in the New World.
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By the 1860s, nearly all slaves in the United States had been born in the New World.
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Which of the following was an important outcome of Russia's substantial territorial conquests in the Baltic region, Poland, and the Ukraine during the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? Peter the Great, the military leader who masterminded the conquests, seized the throne. It led to the expulsion of non-Russian-speaking peoples from these new territories and their replacement by Russian settlers. It prompted an extensive program of Westernization. Russia's superior weaponry and organization provided the model for the reform of Western Europe's militaries.
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It prompted an extensive program of Westernization.
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From whom did the Europeans learn about large-scale sugar production? West Africans India China Arabs
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arabs
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Which of the following colonial regions saw significant migration of Europeans who wished to find a place to practice their religion without interference? Brazil Dutch East Indies British North America Mexico
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British North America
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What was a significant factor that motivated the Europeans to create their American empires? Political rivalries between European powers motivated rulers to establish rival empires in the Americas. They sought to flee the plagues that ravaged Europe. The European economy was unable to absorb the number of slaves being acquired by European merchants in Africa, forcing these merchants to seek new markets and opportunities. A fear that China would expand into the region if Europeans did not.
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Political rivalries between European powers motivated rulers to establish rival empires in the Americas.
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How did conquistadores who helped to carve out the Spanish Empire in the Americas describe their motivations for doing so? They went to serve God and the king, and also to trade. They went to serve God and to trade. They went to serve God and the king, and also to get rich. They went to get rich.
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They went to serve God and the king, and also to get rich.
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What was the Tupac Amaru revolt of 1780-1781? Spanish colonial revolt against Spanish rule Mexican mestizo revolt against the oppression of people of pure Spanish descent Native revolt in Peru Native revolt in Mexico
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Native revolt in Peru
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In which major region of the Americas were Native Americans spared the impact of Eurasian diseases? Caribbean No region was ultimately spared. Native Americans along the east coast of North America Central Mexico
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No region was ultimately spared.
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What was a significant factor that motivated the Europeans to create their American empires? Europeans feared that China would expand into the region if they did not. Europe needed laborers following the decimation caused by the Black Death. Europe sought direct access to Asian wealth in order to avoid reliance on Muslim intermediaries. China's insatiable demand for European goods led many merchants to seek more direct trade routes.
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Europe sought direct access to Asian wealth in order to avoid reliance on Muslim intermediaries.
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How did Governor Bradford of the Plymouth colony react to the massive die-off of Native Americans during the seventeenth century? He was concerned that this source of slave labor would disappear. He viewed it as a human tragedy. He saw it as the hand of God at work. He described it scientifically in the hopes of finding a cure for what afflicted his subjects.
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He saw it as the hand of God at work
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Which of the following statements best reflects Russian consensus in the twenty-first century concerning their empire's identity? It was a unique Slavic empire. They view it as a uniquely Asian empire and heir to the Mongol legacy. They view it as an underdeveloped European empire that sought to catch up with and follow the lead of Western European societies. Russians even in the twenty-first century have not reached consensus on the empire's identity.
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Russians even in the twenty-first century have not reached consensus on the empire's identity.
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Which of the following statements is a true comparison of how Siberian peoples and Native Americans experienced empire in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries? Both Native Americans and Siberian peoples experienced devastating epidemics of new diseases for which they had little immunity. Larger numbers of Siberians perished during the period than Native Americans. Unlike Native Americans, Siberian peoples were considered too primitive to convert to Christianity. Both Siberians and Native Americans were required to perform labor services, but neither paid taxes or tribute.
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Both Native Americans and Siberian peoples experienced devastating epidemics of new diseases for which they had little immunity.
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Settler colonies of which European country developed self-government to the highest degree? Spain Russia Britain Portugal
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Britain
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Which of the following was an important impact that the Russian Empire had on Siberian pastoralists? They were placed on reservations where they were allowed to continue to practice their pastoralist lifestyle. They were pressured to abandon their nomadic lifestyles. They prospered under Russian rule as Russian settlers offered new markets for their animals. The banning of the Islamic faith by Catherine the Great in the late eighteenth century led to the forced conversion to Christianity of nearly all pastoralists in the region, changing their culture forever.
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They were pressured to abandon their nomadic lifestyles.
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Which of the following statements best reflects the process that built the Russian Empire? It was built quickly through a series of dramatic conquests of other empires. It was an extended process that took three centuries. The extensive territories in Siberia were secured unintentionally by private merchants and adventurers against the wishes of the state. Aside from small populations of indigenous Siberians and steppe pastoralists, the population of the Russian Empire was Russian speaking.
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It was an extended process that took three centuries.
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Which of the following statements best reflects European motivations for overseas expansion at the end of the fifteenth century? Economic and religious factors drove the rapid expansion. Economic, religious, and political factors drove the rapid expansion. Economic and political factors drove the rapid expansion. A wide variety of factors drove the rapid expansion.
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A wide variety of factors drove the rapid expansion.
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Which of the following statements most accurately describes Europe's global position in 1450? Europe had climbed to relative equality in Eurasian commerce. Europe remained marginal in Eurasian commerce. Europe had come to dominate Eurasian commerce. Europe had little trade contact with Africa or Asia.
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Europe remained marginal in Eurasian commerce.
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What geographic advantage did Europeans have in their effort to found empires in the Americas? The fixed winds of the Atlantic blew steadily in the same direction. While several Asian states including Japan were closer to the Americas, the winds of the Pacific made crossing this ocean impossible. The monsoon winds of the Atlantic Ocean made crossing it in sailing ships easy and predictable. Europeans could use Iceland as a staging point, making the crossing of the Atlantic a simpler and shorter journey.
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The fixed winds of the Atlantic blew steadily in the same direction.
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Which of the following best describes Britain's initial approach to ruling over its North American settler colonies? It established joint stock companies and granted royal charters to wealthy individuals. It ruled using military governors and large numbers of troops. It sent clergy acting as the king's agents to establish colonies. It adopted a bureaucratic system very similar to that of Spain.
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It established joint stock companies and granted royal charters to wealthy individuals.
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What distinguished the Russian Empire from those created by Western European powers in the Americas? The Russian Empire did not last as long as the more stable Western European empires. The way that Russia put together its empire by conquering adjacent territories was new to world history, whereas the Western European overseas empires in the Americas had many precedents. Russia created its empire at the same time that the modern Russian state was taking shape, whereas the Spanish and British had already established themselves as distinct states before conquering their empires. Only in the Russian Empire did settler populations overwhelm the native populations.
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Russia created its empire at the same time that the modern Russian state was taking shape, whereas the Spanish and British had already established themselves as distinct states before conquering their empires.
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What similarity did the Russian Empire and those created by Western European powers in the Americas share? Both involved campaigns to convert the indigenous populations to Christianity. The manner in which both took shape was something completely new in world history. Both sought but failed to establish settler colonies. They lasted similar amounts of time.
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Both involved campaigns to convert the indigenous populations to Christianity.
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What position did Indians occupy in Spanish colonial societies? They lived separately on reservations where they could maintain their traditions and culture. They were abused and exploited as the primary labor force of Spain's colonial empire. They largely died out in the great epidemics that came in the wake of European conquest. They were rapidly assimilated into the new Hispanic culture of the region.
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They were abused and exploited as the primary labor force of Spain's colonial empire.
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How did children born of unions between Russians and native Siberians fit into society during the early modern era? They were considered to be native Siberians if they possessed any native blood in a manner similar to the antebellum southern United States. They were generally absorbed into the Russian population. They were organized into a series of distinct racial groupings in a manner similar to that of Latin America. They were defined as a single distinct "third race," separate from native Siberians and Russians.
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They were generally absorbed into the Russian population.
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Which of the following statements best describes Spanish conquerors' relations with native women in the Americas? Many Spaniards had sexual relations with native women, but marriage to natives was not allowed. Many Spaniards married elite native women. Except in rare cases, Spanish men did not have sexual relations with native women. Many Spaniards married commoner native women, but elite native women were not allowed to enter into such relationships.
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Many Spaniards married elite native women.
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Which collection of American crops became important calorie producers in China? Corn, peanuts, and sweet potatoes became important calorie producers. Corn, peanuts, and tea became important calorie producers. Cassava, rice, and corn became important calorie producers. While chocolate and tobacco were adopted, China did not adopt calorie-producing crops like the Europeans and Africans.
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Corn, peanuts, and sweet potatoes became important calorie producers.
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At what point did the British colonies of North America first surpass in prominence on the world stage those of Spain and Portugal? Sixteenth century Seventeenth century Nineteenth century Twentieth century
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Nineteenth century
