question

How does the life of Abby Kelley reflect the many reform impulses of antebellum America?

answer

By demonstrating the interconnectedness of nineteenth-century reform movements

question

According to Alexis de Tocqueville, what were the most important institutions for organizing Americans?

answer

Voluntary associations - churches, fraternal orders, political clubs, ect

question

About how many reform communities were established in the US during the first half of the nineteenth-century?

answer

100

question

What was the goal of reform communities established in the years of the Civil War?

answer

To reorganize society on a cooperative basis, hoping to restore social harmony

question

Who founded the Shakers?

answer

Mother Ann Lee

question

What were the Shakers? Describe four thing about the Shakers.

answer

A group of religious communities; 1) they believed that God had a "dual" personality, both male and female 2) "virgin purity" formed a major pillar in the Shaker belief 3) believed in abandoning traditional family life 4) usually separated by sex

question

Describe four traits of the Mormon religious movement.

answer

1) followed the Book of Mormon 2) refused to separate church and state 3) polygamy 4) sought to create a kingdom of God on Earth

question

Mormons led by Brigham Young founded?

answer

Salt Lake City, Utah

question

What were some of the unique beliefs regarding procreation?

answer

Complex marriage and a committee that controlled which people were allowed to have children

question

What was Brook Farm?

answer

Founded by New England transcendentalists and hoped to show that manual and intellectual labor could coexist harmoniously

question

Where was New Harmony located?

answer

Indiana

question

The New Harmony community was influential in what way?

answer

It influenced the labor movement, educational reformers, and women's rights advocates

question

Utopian communities were unlikely to attract much support because they went against the fundamental American belief of what?

answer

Property ownership, which was believed to be a key part of economic independence by Americans, while Utopian communities established unregulated voluntary settlements

question

Burned-over districts were?

answer

Regions like New York and Northern Ohio, where intense religious revivals occurred

question

How did reformers reconcile their desire to create a moral order with their quest to enhance personal freedom?

answer

Through a vision of freedom that was liberating an controlling - sought to liberate Americans from various forms of "slavery" that made it impossible to succeed - slavery to drink, poverty, and sin

question

By 1840, the temperance movement in the US had achieved what?

answer

Lowered the amount of consumption of alcohol

question

Which group was generally apposed to the temperance movement?

answer

Catholics

question

What did reformers commonly believe about prisons and asylums?

answer

That they were able to "cure" undesirable elements of society, where people's characters could be transformed

question

The proliferation of new institutions such as poor houses and asylums for the insane during the antebellum era demonstrated what?

answer

Liberation and social control of the reforms

question

The American Tract Society was focused on what issue?

answer

Religion

question

Horace Mann believed that public schools would do what things?

answer

1) restore equality to a fractured society by bringing children of all classes together in a common learning experience and equipping the less fortunate to advance in the social scale 2) equalize the conditions of men 3) reinforce social stability by rescuing students from the influence of parents who failed in instill the proper discipline 4) build character

question

Common schools were more "common" in what region prior to the US Civil War?

answer

The North

question

What did free African-Americans believe about the colonization of freed US slaves to Africa?

answer

They greatly opposed it

question

Like Indian removal, the colonization of former slaves rested on what premise?

answer

That America was fundamentally a white society

question

How did the abolitionist movement that arose in the 1830's differ from earlier antislavery efforts?

answer

By demanding immediate emancipation instead of a gradual one

question

The North-Carolina-born free black whose Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World won widespread attention was?

answer

David Walker

question

What did William Lloyd Garrison think should happen to the Union? Why?

answer

That the North should abrogate the Constitution and dissolve the Union to end its complicity in the evil of slavery

question

What was Garrison's argument in "Thoughts on African Colonization"?

answer

That blacks must be recognized as part of American society, not viewed as aliens to be shipped overseas

question

Which young minister converted by the evangelical preacher Charles G. Finney helped to create a mass constituency for abolitionism by training speakers and publishing pamphlets?

answer

Theodore Weld

question

Before the Civil War, who came to believe that the US Constitution did not provide national protection to the institution of slavery?

answer

Frederick Douglas

question

How did the abolitionists link themselves to the nation's Revolutionary heritage?

answer

By seizing the preamble and interpreting it as an attack on slavery

question

What role did African-Americans play in the abolitionist movement?

answer

They financed The Liberator, to try to popularize the rejection of colonization and demanded equal rights

question

What book was to some extent modeled on the autobiography of fugitive slave Josiah Henson?

answer

Uncle Tom's Cabin

question

What was the theory of mid-nineteenth-century physician and racial theorist Josiah Nott and George Gliddon?

answer

That blacks formed a separate species, one between whites and chimpanzees

question

The frontispiece of the 1848 edition of David Walker's book depicts a black figure recovering "liberty" and "justice" from what place?

answer

Heaven

question

What counter arguments did abolitionists use to challenge stereotypes about African-Americans?

answer

That blacks formed a separate species

question

What was the "Freedom Journal"?

answer

The first black newspaper

question

What did the Fourth of July represent to Frederick Douglas?

answer

It revealed the hypocrisy that proclaimed its belief in liberty yet daily committed "practices more shocking and more bloody" than any other country on Earth

question

What is the gag rule?

answer

Prohibited the capital from considering antislavery petitions

question

What effect did the death of Elijah Lovejoy in 1837 have on Northerners' attitude about slavery?

answer

Convinced many Northerners that slavery was wrong and that it was incompatible with white's liberties

question

Frederick Douglas wrote "When the true history of antislavery cause shall be written, _____ will occupy a large space in it's pages."

answer

Women

question

Dorthea Dix devoted much crusading for what reform?

answer

The construction of humane treatment for the insane

question

In what reform movements did women play a prominent role during the early mid-nineteenth century?

answer

The Female Moral Reform Society, abolitionism, and women's rights

question

Angelina and Sarah Grimké argued against what?

answer

The separation between men and women and guarded female modesty

question

Who were the first to apply the abolitionist doctrine of universal freedom and equality to the status of women?

answer

The Grimké sisters

question

The Seneca Falls Convention's Declaration of Sentiments argued for what?

answer

Women's suffrage and equality for women

question

What was the base document for the Declaration of Sentiments?

answer

The Declaration of Independence

question

Describe the biography of Margaret Fuller.

answer

Fuller was educated at home, became part of New England's transcendentalist circle, edited the Dial, became a literary editor of the New York Tribune, and was the first women to achieve so important of a position in American Journalism

question

What was a "bloomer" in the 1850's?

answer

A feminist style of dress

question

What political party was established in hopes of making abolitionism a political movement?

answer

The Liberty Party

question

The organized abolitionist movement split into two wings in 1840 over what issue?

answer

Women's rights and the role of women working in antislavery reforms

question

The antislavery poet John Greenleaf Whittier compared Abby Kelley to whom? Why?

answer

Eve, Deliah, and Helen of Troy; to depict Kelley as a woman of destruction

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