Ch. 11 – Parasites – Flashcards
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| + sense RNA |
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| it can act like mRNA (mR. Positive) |
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| - sense RNA |
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| must form DNA, then t DNA, then mRNA |
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| Steps for copying RNA |
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| for - sense: DNA, t DNA,mRNA then follow steps for + sense + sense mRNA, tRNA, tRNA has Amino Acids, AA's form Proteins, w/ enzymes |
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| If RNA has an envelope it is NOT |
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| negative |
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| RNA envelope when it enters a cell |
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| is lost |
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| Prophage |
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| viral DNA inserted into host DNA |
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| Heterotroph |
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| needs to eat |
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| Autotroph |
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| can make its own food |
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| Prokaryote |
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| bacteria cells |
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| Eukaryote |
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| non bacteria cells complex cells |
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| Pathogen |
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| Parasite that causes disease |
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| 3 types of parasite |
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| helminth (worm), arthropod (insect), protozoa |
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| Ectoparasite |
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| lives ON the body |
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| Endoparasite |
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| lives IN the body |
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| Obligate parasite |
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| must live off another |
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| Facultative parasite |
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| can live w/ or w/o another |
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| Permanent Parasite |
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| stays w/ host for life |
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| Temporary parasites |
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| dine and dash |
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| Accidental parasites |
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| didn't mean to eat you, prefers a different host |
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| Hyperparasitism |
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| irony, revenge A parasite on a parasite |
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| Vector |
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| carries and transfers a disease/parasite |
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| Mechanical Vector |
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| host is not part of its life cycle |
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| Biological Vector |
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| parasite completes part of its life cycle in the host |
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| Definitive Host |
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| Harbors a parasite while it reproduces |
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| Intermediate Host |
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| Harbors a parasite during any stage other than reproduction |
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| Reservoir Host |
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| carries parasite only for transmission, no part of its life cycle |
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| Encycstment |
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| parasite forms a spore-like outer covering easier to destroy than endospores |
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| Antigen (2 meanings) |
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| cell surface marker anything foreign (if disease causing= pathogen) |
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| Phagocytes |
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| parasites that go into brain cells |
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| 4 parasite defenses |
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| encycstment changing antigens producing chemicals that distract antibodies going into the brain (through eyes/nose) /invading host cells |
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| Are protists obligate or facultative? |
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| obligate |
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| Protists need a mechanical or biological vector? |
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| biological |
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| Protists are Eukaryotic or prokaryotic? |
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| eukaryotic |
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| Saprophyte |
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| live off dead organic material (are still heterotrophs) |
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| Fungi are multi or uni cellular? |
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| They can be either (most are multi) |
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| Can fungi produce endo-spores? |
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| no, only Bacillus and Clostridium can |
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| gram + means |
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| large peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall can pick up crystal violet |
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| gram - means |
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| no peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall picks up safranin |
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| Hyphae |
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| branch off fungus |
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| Thallus |
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| body of fungus |
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| All the hyphae together form: |
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| mycelium |
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| Septa |
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| walla which separate hyphae |
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| Chitin |
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| fills fungus cell walls |
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| Each section of Hyphae between septa has: |
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| spores |
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| If a hyphae of a fungus is infected it will: |
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| close the pores in the septa and let that section die off |
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| Fungi reproduce: |
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| sexually and asexually |
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| Asexual reproduction in fungi involves: |
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| budding |
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| Sexual spores in fungus are produced by: |
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| the fusion of two gametes |
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| Dimorphisim |
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| the ability of an organism to alter its structure when it changes habitats (changing between multi-cellular and uni-cellular) |
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| Fungi are classified according to: |
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| the sexual stage in their life cycles Location of growth |
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| Lysosome |
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| organelle in infectious fungi release enzymes which eat through the walls of other cells |
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| Mycoses |
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| Fungal infections |
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| Superficial mycoses |
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| skin, nail, hair |
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| Subcutaneous mycoses |
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| skin and below can spread to lymph |
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| Systemic Mycoses |
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| deep, in organs |
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| Opportunistic |
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| only causes disease in an already compromised host or if it lacks competition |
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| Aflotoxin |
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| fungal toxin found on moldy nuts/grains |
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| 2 types of helminths |
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| flatworms roundworms |
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| Taenia |
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| intestine |
