Ch. 11 Admin of Medication – Flashcards
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Adverse reaction
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An unintended and undesirable effect produced by a drug
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Allergen
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A substance that is capable of causing an allergic reaction
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Allergy
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An abnormal hypersensitivity of the body to substances that are ordinarily harmless
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Ampule
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A small sealed glass container that holds a single dose of medication
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Anaphylactic reaction
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A serious allergic reaction that required immediate treatment
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Chemotherapy
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The use of chemicals to treat disease
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Controlled drug
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A drug that has restrictions placed on it by the federal government because of its potential for abuse
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Dose
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The quantity of a drug to be administered at one time
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Drug
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A chemical used for the treatment, prevention, or diagnosis of a disease
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Gauge
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The diameter of the lumen of a needle used to administer medication
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Induration
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An abnormally raised hardened area of the skin with clearly defined margins
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Infusion
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The administration of fluids medications or nutrients into a vein
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Inhalation administration
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The administration of medication by way of air or other vapor being drawn into the lungs
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Intradermal injection
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Introduction of medication into the dermal layer of the skin
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Intramuscular injection
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Introduction of medication into the muscular layer of the body
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Intravenous therapy
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The administration of a liquid agent directly into a patients vein, where it is distributed throughout the body by way of the circulatory system.
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Oral administration
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Administration of medication by mouth
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Parenteral
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Administration of medication by injection
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Pharmacology
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The study of drugs
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Prescription
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A physician's order authorizing the dispensing of a drug by a pharmacist
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subcutaneous injection
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Introduction of medication beneath the skin, into the subcutaneous or fatty layer of the body.
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sublingual administration
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Administration of medication by placing it under the tongue.
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Topical administration
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Application of a drug to a particular spot, usually for a local action.
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Transfusion
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The administration of whole blood or blood products through the intravenous route.
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vial
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A closed glass container with a rubber stopper that holds medication.
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Wheal
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A tense, pale, raised area of the skin.
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What are the differences among administering, prescribing, and dispensing medication at the medical office?
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Administered is given to the patient at the office, injection. Prescribed is to be filled at a pharmacy. Dispensed is handed to patient at the office - but the patient takes it later, drug sample.
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What is the difference between the generic name and the brand name of a drug?
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Generic - name is assigned by the drug company before it gets FDA approval. Usually a shortened derivation of the chemical name. Brand name is what the drug is called when it is marketed.
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What is a liniment?
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Drug, combined with oil, soap, alcohol or water. Applied externally, using friction, feeling heat or warmth.
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What is a spray?
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Fine stream of medicated vapor, usually used for nose and throat conditions.
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What is a syrup?
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Drug dissolved in sugar, water and sometimes flavoring to disguise unpleasant taste, example cough syrup.
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What is a tablet?
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Powdered drug that has been pressed into a disc, example, Tylenol.
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What is the purpose of scoring a tablet?
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So that they can easily be broken in half or in quarters.
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List 2 drugs that come in the form of a chewable tablet.
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antacids, anti-flatulent, Pepto-Bismol, Tums
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List 2 reasons for enterically coating a tablet.
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Keeps active ingredients from irritating the stomach lining, so the drug gets to the intestines, prevents drug from being destroyed by gastric juices, never chew or crush.
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What is a capsule?
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A drug in a gelatin capsule, water soluble, prevents the patient from tasting the drug.
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Why must a suppository have a cylindrical or conical shape?
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For easy insertion into the rectum or vagina.
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What is a transdermal patch?
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A patch that contains a drug, that is applied to the skin. The drug is absorbed through the skin and enters the circulation.
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Why is the metric system used most often to administer medication?
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Because it provides a more exact measurement and it is easier to use.
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Define the term volume.
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The amount of space occupied by a substance.
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Describe the use of the household system of measurement.
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Most patients are more familiar with teaspoon tablespoon, ounce cup, drop. Volume is the only household measurement used to administer medication. 1 drop = 0.6 mL.
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When is conversion required?
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When medication is ordered in a unit of measurement that varies from the label.
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What is a controlled drug?
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State and Federal laws place restrictions on drugs that have a potential for abuse. 5 categories or schedules.
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In what forms can a prescription be authorized?
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handwritten, computer generated, telephoned or faxed.
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What is included in the Superscription part of the prescription?
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Rx means take, it is recipe in Latin.
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What is included in the Inscription part of the prescription?
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Name of drug and dose.
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What is included in the Subscription part of the prescription?
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Directions to the pharmacist, # of pills, number and letters are used.
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What is included in the Signatura part of the prescription?
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sig means write or label, drug name and directions to patient for taking the medication.
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Why is it important for the patient's age to be indicated on the prescription?
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Pharmacist can make sure the dosage and drug are right for the patient. Children and elderly may need smaller doses, some drugs cannot be taken by children.
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What functions can be performed by an EMR prescription program?
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Has pre-loaded medication list - Dr. selects dosage, frequency of refills, checks for drug allergies and interactions, recorded in patient's chart, states if drug is covered by insurance, quick refills.
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What types of medications should be recorded on a medication record or form?
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Prescription, over the counter, vitamins, supplements, herbs, etc.
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List and describe 3 factors that affect the action of drugs in the body.
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Age, route of administration, patient's size, with food or empty stomach, drug tolerance.
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What are the symptoms and treatment of an anaphylactic reaction?
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Sneezing, hives, itching, erythema, angioedema, disorientation. Treatment: 1 or more injections of epinephrine, when stabilized, injection of antihistamine.
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of using the parenteral route of administration?
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Advantages: absorbed more rapidly and completely. Can be given to unconscious patient and pt. with gastric distress, Disadvantages: pain and infection.
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How do safety-engineered syringes reduce the risk of a needlestick injury?
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They have built in safety features such as a locking cap, to reduce the risk of needlestick injury.
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What is the purpose of using a filter needle when withdrawing medication from an ampule?
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It filters out small glass particles that may have dropped into the medication when the ampule was broken open.
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What sites are used most frequently to administer a subcutaneous injection?
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Upper lateral parts of the arms, anterior thigh, upper back, abdomen. Where bones and blood vessels are not near skin surface.
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List 3 medications commonly administered through a subcutaneous injection.
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epinephrine, insulin, allergy injections.
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Why is medication absorbed faster through the intramuscular route than through the subcutaneous route?
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Because there are more blood vessels in muscle tissue than in fatty subcutaneous tissue.
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List the 4 intramuscular injection sites.
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Dorsogluteal: Deltoid, Vastus lateralis, Ventrogluteal These sites have well developed muscles and are not near any major nerves.
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explain why the Dorsogluteal site is used to administer an IM injection.
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Dorsogluteal: older than 3 years, gluteal muscles are well developed and can absorb large amounts of medication.
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explain why the Deltoid site is used to administer an IM injection.
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easily accessible, sitting or lying down, site is small, can't give repeat injections here.
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explain why the vastus lateralis site is used to administer an IM injection.
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Not near major nerves or blood vessels, thick muscle.
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explain why the ventrogluteal site is used to administer an IM injection.
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Not near major nerves or blood vessels, thick muscle.
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What sites are used most frequently to administer an intradermal injection?
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Anterior forearm, middle of back, upper arm.
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What is the most frequent use of an intradermal injection?
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To administer a skin test, allergy test, ir tuberculin skin test.
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What are the symptoms of active pulmonary tuberculosis?
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Chronic cough for 3 weeks or longer, with mucus and pus in sputum. Coughing up blood, chest pain, fatigue, appetite loss, low grade fever.
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What is latent tuberculosis infection?
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TB bacteria is alive inside a small capsule, a macrophage infected with TB. Patient has no symptoms, not infectious. Can develop TB years later.
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What are examples of categories of individuals who should have a tuberculin test?
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Contact with: immigrants from other countries, work or reside in hospital, correctional facilities, nursing homes, pre-req. for job, college admit., military.
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Why might a person who was recently infected with tuberculosis have a negative tuberculin skin test result?
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A positive skin test occurs 2 to 10 weeks after a person is infected. A person can have TB and have a negative skin test.
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What is induration, and what causes it?
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Localized thickening of the skin, abnormally raised , hardened area, with defined margins caused by an accumulation of lymphocytes where the injection occurred.
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What procedures are performed if a patient has a positive reaction to a tuberculin skin test?
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Chest x-ray, microbiologic examination and culture of patient's sputum.
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Who should have a two-step tuberculin skin test?
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As initial base line testing for adults required to undergo periodic tuberculin skin testing. Health care workers.
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What does it mean if the first test of a two-step tuberculin skin test is negative and the second test is positive?
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Sign of a boosted reaction, indicating the patient was previously infected with tuberculosis.
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What does it mean if both tests of a two step tuberculin test are negative?
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Patient is considered non-infected, future positive test would be a new infection.
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What is the name of the blood test for tuberculosis?
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QuantiFERON-TB Gold, abbreviated as QFT-G
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10 examples of common allergies?
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plant pollens, mold, house dust, animal dander, latex, dyes, soaps, detergents, cosmetics, foods, medications, venom from insect stings.
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What is the general treatment for allergies?
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Avoid the allergens, drugs: antihistamines, decongestants, bronchodialators,
