Ch.11-16 - History - Flashcards

Q: nullification

John Calhoun\'s theory that any state had the right through special popular convention to deny any federal law that exceeded the federal government\'s constitutional authority

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stratified

answer

layered; in this case, according to class or social status

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political culture

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Patterns, habits, institutions, and traits associated with political system

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spoils system

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the practice of rewarding loyal party members with jobs in goverment

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depreciated

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decreased in value owing to market conditions

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inflation

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increase in the overall price of goods and services over an extended period of time; or, a similar decrease over time of the purchasing power of money

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Henry Clay

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Vice president to John Quincy Adams, he helped to organize a new party, the National Republicans

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specie

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coined money of gold or silver; also referred to as hard money or hard currency

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nullification

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John Calhoun's theory that any state had the right through special popular convention to deny any federal law that exceeded the federal government's constitutional authority

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John Ross

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Cherokee leader who pushed, somewhat successfully, for Cherokee people to adopt white ways

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accomodation

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A term, when referencing Indian peoples, that refers to adoption of white ways

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minstrel show

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A popular form of live entertainment in Jacksonian America that featured white performers in blackface using broad, ugly racial stereotypes

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millennialism

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the belief in the thousand-year reign of Christ predicted in the New Testament's final book, the Revelation to John

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evangelical

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A Christian believer who works actively to spread the "good news," or gospel of Jesus as recounted in the New Testament of the Bible

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domesticity

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Devotion to home life and a woman's place at the center of that life

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theocracy

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A system of government dominated by the clergy

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temperance

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The movement that initially sought to eliminate drunkenness but eventually sought total voluntary abstinence from alcohol

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Charles Grandison Finney

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The father of modern revivalism who popularized the systematic use of the "new measures" of the Second Great Awakening

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Lyman Beecher

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Enormously influential minister who adhered to millennialism and pursued major religious reforms and missionary efforts

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Lane Seminary

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A religious school that became a hub of strong abolitionist sentiment

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gag rule

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An 1836 congressional decision to table, without consideration, any petition regarding slavery

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caste system

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A system of social stratification separating individuals by various distinctions, among them heredity, rank, profession, wealth, and race

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army worm

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A pervasive southern pest that could strip entire districts of cotton very quickly

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gang system

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a slave management practice in which a white overseer or black driver supervised groups of 20 to 25 adult slaves

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task system

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A slave management practice in which slaves were given a specific daily assignment, after completion of which they were finished for the day

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Toussaint L'Ouverture

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Leader of a slave revolution that established Haiti in 1804

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Gabriel Prosser

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Leader of a failed plan to lead 200 slaves to march on Richmond and capture the governor

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Nat Turner

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Leader of the most famous slave revolt; recruited 70 slaves in southern Virginia for revolt against and the killing of plantation masters and their families

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fisherman's courts

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A sort of annual hiring fair for free African Americans along the Albemarle Sound in North Carolina

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William Lloyd Garrison

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Publisher of the important abolitionist paper; The Liberator

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peculiar institution

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The period euphemism for the practice of slavery

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yeoman farmer

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An individual who owned no slaves and farmed the traditional 80 to 160 acres; most owned the land that they farmed

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popular sovereignty

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The doctrine, devised by Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois, that a territory could decide by vote whether or not to permit slavery within its boundaries

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forty-niners

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The popular name given to those people that moved west to take part in the California gold rush

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presido

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Spanish military garrison

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empresarios

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American land agents who obtained permission from Mexican authorities to settle families in Texas

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Santa Anna

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Mexican president and military leader during the Texas Revolution and US-Mexican War

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Sam Houston

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Commander of the Texan forces during the Texas Revolution

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Brigham Young

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Leader of the Mormon Church after Joseph Smith; led his followers into the Great Basin

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Winfield Scott

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Military general who led American forces in the US-Mexican war; captured Mexico City to end the war

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assimilate

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To absorb a culturally distinct group into the dominant culture

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nativism

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The outlook championing the supremacy of "native" cultural traits and political rights over those of immigrants from different backgrounds

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Dred Scott

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Slave who sued for his freedom on the grounds that his residence in a free state and territory made him free

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Stephen A. Douglass

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Senator and skilled speaker who debated publicly with Abraham Lincoln, taking the position that the nation could survive with the institution of slavery

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John Brown

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Staunch abolitionist who used vigilante justice to oppose slavery; an attempt to incite a slave revolt resulted in his execution

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Charles Sumner

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Antislavery senator who delivered a scathing speech against and its supporters and who was in turn beaten severely in the Senate by Preston Brooks

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"fire eaters"

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The popular name for secessionists of the Deep South

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habeas corpus

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A right designed to ensure that the government cannot arbitrarily arrest and imprison a citizen without giving grounds for doing so

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contraband

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Goods seized by a government during wartime, when the goods are being used by an enemy nation or being shipped to an enemy nation by a neutral nation

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conscription

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The act of compulsory enrollment for military service, as opposed to a voluntary enlistment

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bond

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A certificate of debt issued by a government or corporation promising to repay the buyers their original investment, plus invest, by a specified date of maturity

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Jefferson Davis

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President of the Confederacy

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George McClellan

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First commander named by Lincoln to lead the Union forces; later a presidential candidate against Lincoln

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Ulysses S. Grant

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Commander of Western forces during the first part of the war; eventually given command of all Union forces by Lincoln

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Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson

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Effective Confederate army commander; died from wounds sustained in the Battle of Chancellorsville

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graduated income tax

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A tax based on a percentage of an individual's income, the percentage increasing as total income increases

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William Sherman

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Union general responsibility for driving through southern territory from Tennessee to Savannah, capturing Atlanta in the process

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The chapter introduction tells the story of politicians Powhatan Ellis and Franklin Plummer to make the point that

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appealing to common folk was an effective campaign technique in an age that prized equality and opportunity.

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What distinguished the new political system of the 1820s from that of the early American Republic?

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mass electioneering

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To reconcile the fundamental tension between equality and opportunity, Americans in the final analysis committed to

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equality of opportunity.

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Public interest and involvement in politics grew in the U.S. after 1820 because of a growing

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conviction that government should promote the economic well-being of society.

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In the presidential election of 1824,

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the House of Representatives chose the president, because no candidate received a majority of the popular vote.

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As president, John Quincy Adams

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proposed a broad program of support for manufacturing, agriculture, and the arts.

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Which of the following was NOT an important characteristic of politics in the age of Jackson?

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end of the spoils system of filling public offices with political supporters

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While the democratic winds of change blew all over the world during the 1830s and 1840s, only in one country were the reforms significant. This country was

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the United States.

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Which of the following statements concerning equality in Jacksonian America is NOT true?

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Because political leaders had to appeal to an expanded electorate, campaigns became less boisterous and more focused on specific policy issues.

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Why did Native Americans face increasing pressure during Jackson's administration?

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The economic boom pushed settlers onto Native American lands.

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Which of the following was NOT part of the new political party system of democracy?

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campaigning in which the key issues were center stage

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The process, championed by John Ross, whereby the Cherokees created a constitution, adopted white ways, and began selling their surplus crops was known as

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accommodation.

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How did President Andrew Jackson feel about the "spoils system"?

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He defended it as a democratic reform.

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Three major issues dominated Jackson's administration, all the result of the nation's rapid geographic and economic expansion. Which of the following is NOT one of these three issues?

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controls on both slave and free black communities

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Jackson's popularity was derived not only from defeating the British but also from

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his opening extensive tracts of Indian lands to white settlement.

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Which of the following statements best describes the attitude of Jacksonian Democrats toward slavery and blacks?

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They accepted the institution of slavery in the South and opposed rights for free blacks in the North.

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During the Jacksonian era, free blacks in the North

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increasingly emphasized racial unity, self-help, and a renewal of ties with Africa.

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Which of the following leaders advocated the idea of state nullification in order to oppose the tariff?

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John C. Calhoun

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What was the most popular form of entertainment in Jacksonian America?

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the minstrel show

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Daniel Webster refuted Calhoun's theory of American government by arguing that

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the Constitution was created by "the people" and not as a compact among the separate states.

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Which of the following statements about the nullification crisis of 1832 is FALSE?

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Jackson eventually backed down from the controversy and gave in completely to South Carolina's demands.

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Jackson finally destroyed the national bank by

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refusing to continue to deposit federal funds in it, and depositing them in selected state banks instead.

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Which of the following statements concerning the Bank of the United States is true?

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Andrew Jackson hated it because he thought it was an agent of special privilege and he vetoed the bill to recharter it.

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Which of the following is an indication that the development of the modern presidency began with Andrew Jackson?

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He was the first president to effectively use the veto power to shape legislative policy to his liking.

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Which of the following is an accurate statement about the presidential election of 1840?

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The election demonstrated that a strong, democratic, and popular two-party system was firmly established.

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Within only two months of taking office, President Martin Van Buren ran into trouble because of

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a business panic that became a lingering depression.

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Which of the following would you NOT expect of the Whigs in the 1830s and 1840s?

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refusal to use electioneering techniques perfected by Jacksons's supporters

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Which of the following groups played a rather surprising role in the Whig campaign in 1840?

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women

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In the Jacksonian party system,

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the Whigs supported a very active role for government; the Democrats generally favored a limited government.

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In 1840s America, which party did African Americans vote for—if they had that right?

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Whigs

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The chapter introduction tells the story of Lyman Beecher and his offspring to make the point that

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zealous evangelical Protestants sought to hasten the coming of Christ's kingdom on earth through diverse strategies for reforming society.

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Why did evangelicals in America abandon their old belief that God had already determined who was damned and who was saved?

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The notion clashed with the revolutionary faith in human agency and reason.

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Crucial to the growth of the social reform impulse were the evangelical revivals of the 1820s and 1830s, led by

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Charles Grandison Finney.

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The revivals spearheaded by Charles Finney during the Second Great Awakening upheld the doctrine that

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deliverance was available to all who were converted.

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Evangelical black churches grew in the North even as they were being suppressed in the South after 1820. The most important of the new black independent churches was the

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African Methodist Episcopal Church.

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Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement concerning the significance of the Second Great Awakening?

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It reinforced the sense of pessimism and guilt that was present in America at the time.

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Which of the following was NOT a reason that women were highly prominent in the revivals?

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Since the husband's domain was the household, women made the church their domain.

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The temperance movement was predominantly led by what group?

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the clergy

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The ideal of domesticity

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held that women's sphere was the home and family.

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Who supported women's education and argued that women exercised power as moral guardians of the nation's future?

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Catharine Beecher

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With respect to the middle-class family after 1820, all of the following explain the decline in family size in general and in the birth rate in particular EXCEPT

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a view of family more geared to functional usefulness than affection.

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By 1850 Catholics accounted for ________ percent of the U.S. population—the same percentage as Presbyterians.

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8

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Which of the following was an adherent of Unitarianism?

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All are correct

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Romanticism

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considered emotion as the source of truth.

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Transcendentalism

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sought to rise above reason through individualist spiritual communion with nature.

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The writer generally identified as the leader of New England Transcendentalism (especially its individualist expression) was

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Ralph Waldo Emerson.

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Some secular thinkers shared the Transcendentalists' view that ________ was corrupting American society.

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All these answers are correct

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Robert Owen recruited followers for his program to reform society by teaching that

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shared property and equality of work division would foster tolerant people.

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The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is also known as

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the Mormon Church.

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Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement about Mormonism?

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Mormons believed in a strict separation of church and state.

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What was the essential conviction of William Lloyd Garrison about slavery?

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It was a sin.

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Why was the loose network of antislavery sympathizers who conveyed runaway slaves north to freedom known as the Underground Railroad?

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Runaway slaves were directed by conductors from one "station" to the next.

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Seneca Falls, New York, was the site of

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the first major women's rights convention.

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The abolitionist movement split in 1840

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over the issue of women's rights.

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What reform movement won temporary political success through the Maine Law?

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the anti-drinking crusade

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Which of the following statements is the most accurate with regard to the temperance movement?

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By increasing party switching and attracting new voters, the temperance issue played a major role in the collapse of the Jacksonian party system.

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What reform effort suffered a temporary political defeat through the gag rule?

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the abolitionist drive to petition Congress against slavery

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Who became most disillusioned with the U.S. Constitution and political system?

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William Lloyd Garrison

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The gag rule of 1836

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tabled any congressional discussion of slavery.

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What was the platform of the Liberty Party in 1840?

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abolition

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The chapter introduction tells the stories of several southerners—Colonel Daniel Jordan; a nameless Texan; Sam Williams and his wife Nancy; Octave Johnson; and Ferdinand Steel—to make the point that

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the antebellum South was marked by great diversity, but at its core it was unified by its slave-based agricultural economy.

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Where was the black belt region described in the text located?

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in central Alabama, in the heart of the deep South, where the rich soil was ideal for cotton

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"Cotton was king in the Old South." Which of the following statements about cotton is true?

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Cultivation migrated gradually westward to new agricultural frontiers.

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Which of the following is NOT evidence of the South's economic underdevelopment?

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The southern economy in general, and white per capita income in particular, lagged behind that of the free states.

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The slave population

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was concentrated in the Deep South.

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Manufacturing lagged in the South because

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high profits from agriculture discouraged other possible investments.

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Which statement best summarizes the effects of slavery on the southern economy?

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It retarded southern development and led to economic dependency on the North.

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In which of the following states did slaves outnumber white southerners by the 1850s?

answer

South Carolina

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Which of the following was NOT true about slavery as a labor system?

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As slavery spread into the Deep South, wealth and power became more equally shared among the various classes of white southerners.

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What was true about slavery as a labor system?

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The gang and task systems were the two main ways of organizing slaves' work.

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The slave population concentrated in all of the following places EXCEPT

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the Upper South.

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While the Old South was a diverse region of the United States, it was united in all the following ways EXCEPT in

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how most white southerners believed slavery to be on the decline by the 1830s.

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Slaveowners made up ________ of the southern white population, but the true "planters of consequence," with at least 50 slaves, ________.

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roughly a quarter; made up less than 1 percent of the total white population

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The Tidewater planter ________, while the planter of the Deep South ________.

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aspired to the ideal of the English country gentleman; was an entrepreneur bound on making a fortune

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Yeoman farmers in the South

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suffered from isolation, a limited market, and chronic money shortage.

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What group was vehemently opposed to ending slavery even though they sometimes traded with slaves and keenly resented planters?

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poor whites

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In terms of sheer numbers, which of the following groups made up the backbone of southern society?

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In terms of sheer numbers, which of the following groups made up the backbone of southern society?

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The gang and task systems

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were the two main ways of organizing slave labor.

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In spite of poor diet, lack of medical care, and a high infant mortality rate, the United States was the only slave society in the Americas where the

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slave population increased naturally.

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In North America, slave revolts were ________; in Latin American slave societies, full-scale revolts were ________.

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extremely rare; common, and involved large numbers of slaves

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Nat Turner

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led a slave revolt despite enjoying relatively humane treatment by his master.

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Which of the following is NOT true of Nat Turner's revolt?

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Turner rebelled due to extreme mistreatment by a series of harsh Louisiana masters.

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The slave family

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usually consisted of the nuclear unit (father, mother, and their children), but often was part of larger kinship networks.

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What is NOT true of slave religion?

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It remained largely unaffected by Christianity until the 1860s.

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Free blacks in the South

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lived mostly in the Upper South.

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In the 1830s, reacting to Nat Turner's rebellion and the growing abolitionist movement, southern slaveholders developed the argument that slavery was a positive good. Which of the following assertions was NOT part of their proslavery argument?

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Slavery's opponents could build no persuasive argument against it.

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After 1830, southerners defended slavery more aggressively for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

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a perceived decline in southern influence in national politics.

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The Virginia debate of 1832

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was the last significant attempt by white southerners to take action against slavery.

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The proslavery argument

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was developed primarily to satisfy the consciences of southerners.

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Which of the following was NOT an element of the proslavery argument developed in the 1830s?

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Slavery was an unfortunate legacy of earlier tyrannical acts of the English Parliament and northern colonial merchants.

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The chapter introduction tells the story of the Sioux migration to the Great Plains to make the point that

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frontiers were multidimensional and mobile, involved a variety of peoples and cultures, and ultimately proved as disruptive to the settled East as to the contested West.

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Which of the following was NOT a United States territorial acquisition in the 1840s?

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the area between the Rockies and the Missouri River

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Three "frontiers" transformed Plains Indian culture long before white settlers pushed their settlement frontier west of the Mississippi River. Which of following did NOT transform Plains Indian culture during this period?

answer

liquor

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The doctrine of Manifest Destiny

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was used to justify U.S. expansion southward and westward.

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Which of the following ideas was Manifest Destiny NOT based on?

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Conquest of new territory would prove American military superiority.

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Mexico's northern frontier provinces developed

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with little influence or control from Mexico City.

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Which of the following did NOT contribute to the growing discontent and eventual revolt of Americans in Texas?

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the government's refusal to provide land for settlers

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The Overland Trail migration was primarily a(n)

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young family enterprise.

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After successfully defeating the Mexican army, Texas

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became an independent nation, unrecognized by Mexico.

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Plains Indians responded to the increasing numbers of emigrants on the Overland Trail by

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demanding compensation from both the government and the emigrants.

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________ initiated the politics of Manifest Destiny by pushing the annexation of the Texan Republic. He did so because, as the first vice president to become president, he alienated his own party leaders and had to find an issue that would attract popular support for his bid for a second term.

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John Tyler

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Texas was finally annexed by

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a joint resolution of Congress in early 1845.

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The U.S.-Mexican War began when

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American and Mexican forces clashed over disputed border territory in southern Texas.

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In the U.S.-Mexican War, what military technological advantage did the U.S. army posses that tipped the balance in several crucial engagements?

answer

light artillery

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Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement concerning the consequences of the U.S.-Mexican War?

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The war temporarily unified the country as both parties and all sections supported President Polk and approved the war effort.

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A group of American settlers near Sacramento launched a revolt against Mexico; and in June 1846 they proclaimed California an independent republic. This action was the

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"Bear Flag Revolt."

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Had it passed, the Wilmot Proviso would have

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prohibited slavery in any territory won from Mexico.

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As settlers arrived in the far West, churches were not immediately established. Why?

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Population densities were too low.

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What city experienced explosive growth as a result of the gold rush in California?

answer

San Francisco

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Why did many of the immigrant Chinese work in small businesses or the fishing industry instead of working as miners?

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They were not harassed as much as in the gold fields.

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The settlements of the Mormons in Utah

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were established as family-centered communities dominated by church leaders.

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As the frontier, and Anglos, moved further and further west, Mexicans who already lived in this "new" territory had to adapt by

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All these answers are correct.

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The doctrine of popular sovereignty was most closely associated with

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Stephen A. Douglas.

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Which of the following was an important moderate or mediating position on slavery in the 1850s?

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A territory's voters should determine whether or not to permit slavery within its boundaries.

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The antislavery message of the Free Soil supporters was first introduced in what form?

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as a proposed legislated policy: the Wilmot Proviso

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In the 1848 election campaign, which party set forth a clear position on the slavery issue?

answer

Free Soil party

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Manifest Destiny was a popular national creed, but there was a long-term cost. The sectional crisis of the 1850s was precipitated not only by the rising abolitionist movement in the North, but also by a question raised by expansion to the West:

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What will be the status of slavery in the new territories?

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Which of the following was NOT included in the aging Henry Clay's proposed compromise package to "escape from crisis"?

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admission of Texas as a slave state

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The final Compromise of 1850, originally introduced by Henry Clay as a single "Omnibus Bill," passed as five separate pieces of legislation. Which of the following was NOT included?

answer

Slavery was abolished in the District of Columbia.

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A famous novel by the daughter of Lyman Beecher rallied northern hostility toward one particular component of the Compromise of 1850, the

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fugitive slave law, which allowed southerners to more easily reclaim their runaway slaves.

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The chapter introduction tells the stories of Lawrence and Pottawatomie, Kansas, to make the point that

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violence in Kansas discredited popular sovereignty, the only remaining compromise solution to the growing sectional split.

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Who invented a sharp-cutting steel plow that could slice through the thick tangle of prairie grass roots without the soil sticking to the blade?

answer

John Deer

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Which of the following does NOT characterize the American economy in the 1840s and 1850s?

answer

Agriculture remained largely unaffected by technology, and thus diminished in importance as a component of the market economy.

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Which is a correct statement regarding mid-century immigrants?

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Germans, Irish, and Scandinavians came seeking improved economic opportunity.

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What weakened the natural economic and political ties of the South to the West?

answer

Southerners opposed federal aid for economic development, and railroads diverted trade from the Mississippi.

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Which statement about the southern economy in the later 1850s is true?

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A sense of crisis grew in the region as the price of slaves jumped and the price of cotton remained relatively stagnant.

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Which of the following was an unintentional consequence of railroads in the urban environment?

answer

living near the tracks becoming a marker of social and economic divisions

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What was the Gadsden Purchase?

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the acquisition of a strip of Mexican land as a railroad route

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Stephen Douglas pushed for the organization of territorial governments in the Louisiana Purchase for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

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to accelerate the process of bringing the Plains Indians under federal control.

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According to the Kansas-Nebraska Act, what would be the status of slavery in those western territories?

answer

The people would decide.

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Why was the Kansas-Nebraska Act so controversial?

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Because it overturned a policy on slavery already in place, northerners felt betrayed.

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The Kansas-Nebraska Act resulted in all of the following EXCEPT

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the restoration of the Missouri Compromise.

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By mid-century, the birth rate was declining, but population continued to grow. The explanation for this paradox is also the explanation for another development in those years, the

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rise of the short-lived American party

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The "Know-Nothing" or nativist movement (later the American party), which prospered especially in the northeastern states, was characterized by its

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anti-Catholic, anti-immigrant position

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What group was particularly susceptible to the appeal of the Know-Nothing party?

answer

young, native-born workers

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What turned the 1854 elections in Kansas from routine territorial organization into a referendum on slavery?

answer

popular sovereignty

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The Republican party

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prospered because of northern outrage over "Bleeding Sumner" and "Bleeding Kansas."

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Which statement about the Republican party is NOT true?

answer

It attracted a coalition of voters throughout the nation.

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The most important component of the ideology of the Republican party at its founding was

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free labor.

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To what does "Bleeding Sumner" refer?

answer

violence on the floor of the U.S. Senate

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The Dred Scott decision

answer

asserted that Congress could not ban slavery from any territory.

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The Dred Scott decision actually involved three distinct Supreme Court rulings. Which of the following was NOT included?

answer

The popular sovereignty doctrine was a violation of the First Amendment.

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Uncle Tom's Cabin, a novel that was quickly adapted into a play, had a significant impact on northern opinion because it

answer

conveyed a moral condemnation of slavery.

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What was so important about the Lecompton constitution?

answer

It was a proslavery document, pushed through by fraud, which Congress did not approve.

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Southerners voiced many concerns and complaints in the 1850s, including all the following EXCEPT

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that the threats against slavery had led to a sharp drop in the market value of slaves.

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In his Freeport Doctrine, Douglas defended popular sovereignty despite the Dred Scott ruling by arguing that

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if the people of a territory refused to pass a slave code, slavery would never be established there.

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While northerners increasingly feared ________, southerners raised the specter of ________.

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a Slave Power conspiracy; a conspiracy by the Black Republicans

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John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry was significant for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

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that it provoked bloody retaliation against antislavery voters in Kansas.

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The first shots of the Civil War were fired when

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Lincoln decided to hold a fort on southern soil.

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In what order did the following states secede from the Union?

answer

South Carolina; Alabama; Virginia

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South Carolina; Alabama; Virginia

answer

both sides underestimated what it would be like to fight a total war.

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At the beginning of the Civil War, which one of the following factors favored the South?

answer

the fact that the fighting would be on southern soil

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Although at the outset European experts expected the Confederacy to prevail, the North won, demonstrating that in modern war, ________ can offset ________.

answer

technology; terrain and distance

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What was Jefferson Davis's central problem in organizing the South for war?

answer

In a society that prized states' rights, Davis had to centralize authority.

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Which of the following is NOT a way the Confederacy was like the North?

answer

Both presidents, despite little military background, ably directed the war effort.

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The Union war effort began by implementing the strategy embodied in General Winfield Scott's "anaconda plan," which called for

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encircling and squeezing the Confederacy with a naval blockade.

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What was the first Union success of the war?

answer

holding the border states in the Union

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Dissidents in one southern state created which new border state?

answer

West Virginia

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Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of cotton in the Confederacy's effort to gain international recognition?

answer

King cotton diplomacy failed to win either substantial aid or recognition because of adequate cotton supplies worldwide.

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The first decisive Union military victory of the war occurred

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in the West, in the middle Tennessee River valley under General Grant.

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The battle at Antietam Creek was significant for all the following reasons EXCEPT that it

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proved McClellan could mastermind a victory after all.

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Due to the Union blockade,

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many southern plantations switched from cotton to raising grain and livestock.

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With respect to slavery, Lincoln at first ________, but later he ________.

answer

worried about alienating the border states; proclaimed, as a military measure, that slaves in rebel areas were free

question

Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation declared slaves to be free

answer

in those areas of the South under Confederate control.

question

What is true about African Americans during the Civil War?

answer

Many slaves escaped to Union lines, where they were put to work or even allowed to join the army.

question

Thirty-seven thousand African American servicemen gave their lives as Union soldiers in the U.S. Civil War, a rate of loss about 40 percent higher than that among white soldiers. Why did black soldiers fight and die so fiercely?

answer

All these answers are correct.

question

During the war, women of both the North and the South did all of the following EXCE

answer

run railroads.

question

Both the South and the North experienced rioting during the war. Why?

answer

in the South over food; in the North over the draft

question

The North raised money to support the war effort through all of the following methods EXCEPT

answer

accepting fees from draftees in lieu of induction.

question

One significant difference between the Confederacy and the North was that

answer

the South became poorer, while the North tended to prosper.

question

Lincoln, later revered as the Great Emancipator, ironically infringed on the civil liberties of northerners during the Civil War—specifically by

answer

suspending the writ of habeas corpus in specified areas in the North.

question

Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement about Civil War soldiering?

answer

The lower classes of society, rather than the typical farmer or shopkeeper, made up a disproportionate share of each army.

question

Which of the following adapted most easily to military discipline and organization?

answer

textile worker

question

The Civil War marked a significant change in the history of human warfare, in all EXCEPT which of the following ways?

answer

More soldiers died of battle wounds than camp diseases.

question

The significance, militarily, of the battle of Gettysburg was that

answer

Lee could never again take the offensive as he liked to do.

question

The Union victory at Vicksburg

answer

secured control of the Mississippi, dividing the Confederacy.

question

Lincoln finally found "his general." Who was he, and why?

answer

General Grant, who was willing to keep attacking with the tactics of total and relentless war

question

Lincoln's re-election in 1864 became far more likely when

answer

Sherman captured Atlanta.

question

According to the text, what was the event that decided the "war in the balance"—that is, the event that both ended any last hopes of the Confederacy and assured the abolition of slavery?

answer

the re-election of Lincoln

question

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about the impact of the war?

answer

The richest section of the country (in terms of white per capita wealth) became even richer.

Ch.11-16 – History – Flashcards

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