Ch 10, rogers – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
Abraham Maslow was associated with ____ psychology
answer
humanistic
question
Maslow believed that psychologists should study
answer
the strengths and virtues where human natures is at its best
question
Maslow insisted on psychology that emphasized
answer
human strengths, free-will, and the fulfillment of human potential
question
Maslow's approach to personality is based on the idea that
answer
people are capable of displaying better behavior than prejudice, hatred, and aggression
question
Maslow's hierarchy of needs are considered instinctoid, which are based on
answer
needs for safety, belongingness, and love
question
According to Maslow, hungry people are not preoccupied with the need of self-actualization until they _____needs
answer
physiological
question
The key idea in Maslow's hierarchy of needs is that
answer
lower needs have to be satisfied before higher needs become influential
question
A fully functioning person feels a(n)
answer
ability to live richly and creatively in the moment
question
Belongingness and esteem needs arise in
answer
adolescence
question
Higher needs are
answer
All of the answers -weaker than lower -active late in life -less necessary
question
Maslow called the higher (meta) needs
answer
growth or being needs
question
Lower needs are
answer
All of the answers -stronger -called -more
question
All of the following are physiological needs except
answer
the need for relationships
question
The need for safety is most important in
answer
infants and neurotic adults
question
People whose safety needs are unsatisfied prefer
answer
stability and structure
question
Maslow believed that the belongingness and love needs
answer
involves the need bot to give and receive love
question
By self-actualization, Maslow meant
answer
fulfillment of our unique potential, talents, and abilities
question
A prerequisite for self-actualization is
answer
All of the answers -realistic knowledge -freedom from constraints -feeling of security
question
concerning cognitive needs, studies have been shown that emotionally healthy adults
answer
are motivated to improve their knowledge about unexplained events
question
In Maslow's view, human behavior is
answer
determined by innate needs and situational variables
question
In metamotivation, a person
answer
is said to be developing from within
question
According to Maslow, truly self-actualized people constitute for ___ of the population
answer
less than 1%
question
Maslow called moments of intense ecstasy, power, and transcendence of the self
answer
peak experiences
question
During a peak experience, the person
answer
feels powerful, confident, and decisive
question
A peak experience occurs when
answer
the self is transcended and a person feels supremely powerful
question
Self-actualizers can occasionally
answer
All of the answers -feel doubt -be hurtful -experience conflict
question
The tendency to self-actualize can be impeded by
answer
our doubts about our own abilities
question
Maslow's personality theory grew out of his research on the characteristics of
answer
self-actualized persons
question
Maslow's primary research method was the
answer
Maslow did not use these traditional research techniques
question
Maslow has been criticized on the grounds that his research
answer
is nnot scientifically rigorous
question
What was Maslow's attitude tower subjective experiences?
answer
it provides the experiential base for personality research
question
According to Maslow, what could one do to help another person grow and develop
answer
enhance the attractions (benefits) of change
question
In order of their salience (ability to influence us), the needs in Maslow's hierarchy are
answer
physiological, safety, love, esteem, self-actualization
question
According to Maslow, once a need has been met
answer
it may again become pre-potent, if no longer met in the future
question
A wish or desire qualifies as a basic need when one or more of the following conditions are met
answer
All of the above -absence -presence -return
question
At the highest level of the need hierarchy, people are
answer
no longer motivated by basic need deficiencies
question
Which of the following illustrates B-motivation?
answer
beauty, truth, and justice
question
People who are self-actualized are most likely to laugh at
answer
the human condition
question
The need for self-esteem is ____
answer
a deficiency motivation
question
Basic needs are
answer
All of the above -instinctoid -universal -deficiency -prepotent
question
Carl Rogers and ____ viewed psychology as humanistic, psychoanalytic
answer
Abraham Maslow
question
Rogers believed personality is influence primarily by
answer
conscious perception of ourselves and our experiential world
question
According to Rogers, the best way to understand personality is through
answer
a person's subjective experiences
question
For Rogers, the ultimate goal is to become a
answer
fully functioning person
question
Rogers childhood was characterized by
answer
parents who loved him in subtle ways, but held strict religious views and emphasized moral behavior
question
According to Rogers, the way we see our environment is
answer
dependent on our perception of it, which may not always coincide with reality
question
To rogers, the only valid way to study personality is through
answer
examining each person's subjective perceptions
question
Rogers' terms for the acceptance we need from others is
answer
positive regard
question
According to Rogers, unconditional positive regard
answer
is nto dependent on the child's behavior
question
Conditions of worth derive from
answer
internalizing parents' norms and standards
question
Once infants develop conditions of worth, they
answer
must avoid certain behaviors that otherwise might be personally satisfying
question
Our level of psychological adjustment and emotional health is a function of the extent for which our
answer
self is congruent with our environment
question
Carl Rogers' fully functioning person would
answer
All of the answers
question
All of the following are characteristics of a fully functioning person except
answer
achievement of as much wealth and power as one's potential allows
question
In Rogers' theory of human nature
answer
one aspect of personality... predispositional
question
Rogers believed that personality should be
answer
Three long words
question
Rogers said it was difficult for a therapist to know a client's experiential world completely, because
answer
all of the answers
question
In Rogers' approach to therapy, the therapist provides
answer
unconditional positive regard
question
The only predetermined belief of the person-centered therapist is
answer
the client's inherent value and worth
question
With regard to experiemtnal research, Rogers
answer
preferred to have a clearer view of a person's experiential world
question
The technique in which a person arranges statements about the self-concept into categories is called
answer
a Q-sort
question
Rogers believed that the essence of human nature is
answer
an innate drive for actualization
question
Research using the Q sort provides
answer
impressive evidence for the effectiveness of person-centered therapy
question
The self-reports, children whose parents used conditional regard
answer
showed poor coping skills, fluctuating levels of self-esteem and low self worth
question
Parents who accepted their children unconditionally and displayed democratic child rearing practices
answer
had children with higher self-esteem and greater emotional security
question
To say that Maslow and Rogers were existential is to recognize that they emphasized
answer
choice making and responsibility
question
To say that Rogers took a phenomenological approach recognize that he emphasized
answer
understanding the point of view of the client
question
Rogers regarded the fundamental motivation to be
answer
the actualizing tendency
question
If a person is highly incongruent
answer
the real self and ideal self are in conflict
question
To say that Maslow and Rogers were existential is to recognize that they emphasized
answer
choice making and responsibility
question
Rogers' term for acceptance we need from others is
answer
positive regard
question
Our level of psychological adjustment is a function of the extent to which
answer
self is contingent with environment
question
Differentiation of self ....
answer
All of the above
question
Rogers term for understanding others as they see themselves is
answer
empathy
question
At an intrapsychic level, differentiation refers to the ability to distinguish between
answer
intellect and emotion
question
Highly differentiated individuals are thought to
answer
demonstrate better psychological adjustment
question
Highly differentiated individuals are thought to
answer
remain in satisfying contact with families of origin
question
People who are highly differentiated tend to also be
answer
emotionally regulated
question
Those who have "satisfaction with life" tend to
answer
All of the above
question
A peak experience occurs when
answer
the self is transcend and a person feels supremely able and at peace
question
rogers contributions: a system of thought in which human interests and values are of primary importance
answer
humanistic psychology
question
rogers contributions: -theory developed from therapeutic approach, ________ therapy -person direct change; therapist facilitates -emphasis on the ____ and _____ - a single, inborn overriding motivation to actualize (develop our abilities and tendencies to become a fully functioning person)
answer
person-centered conscious & present
question
rogers parents were ____, _____ and forced their moral view, suppression of emotional displays, and the virtue of hard work on him
answer
strict & religious
question
these two things depended on rogers view of the world and he lived a ____ life and was fascinated with science
answer
solitude & reading rural
question
-rogers studied ____ at the University of Wisconsin for one year then switched majors - swung to ___ views which was stressful
answer
agriculture liberal
question
-rogers original studies were ___ then child study on ____ children -he worked to bring ____ psych to the mainstream, his inability to help clients led to stress, illness and seclusion but he had clinical experience with college students which distinguished his career
answer
ministry underprivileged clinical
question
surprised/dismissive that self-insight is a more powerful predictor than family environment; later accepted
answer
the self & tendency toward actualization
question
basic human motivation to actualize, maintain, and enhance the self; not automatic or effortless (process involved difficult growth)
answer
actualization tendency
question
process of judging based on value for actualization and growth
answer
organismic valuing process
question
this of an individual provides the frame of reference or context that influences growth
answer
experiential world
question
only reliable reality is our subjective experience and inner perception of reality -our experiences become the only basis of our judgements and behaviors
answer
phenomonology
question
acceptance, love and approval from others (universal and persistent need)
answer
positive regard
question
approval regardless of ones behavior
answer
unconditional positive regard
question
condition under which we grant ourselves acceptance and approval
answer
positive self-regard
question
only worth of approval for desirable behaviors and attitudes (similar to freuds superego)
answer
conditions of worth
question
approval, acceptance only when person exhibits desirable behaviors (this means that sometimes children will avoid behaviors that otherwise might be personally satisfying)
answer
conditional positive regard
question
discrepancy between self-concept and experience
answer
incongruence
question
compatibility between self-concept and experiences
answer
psychological adjustment
question
desired result of psychological development (aware of all experience, live richly & fully in ever moment, trust in own organism, feel free to make choices, are creative & live constructively, may face difficulties)
answer
fully functioning person
question
questions about human nature: -focus on ___ __ and ___ - ____ influences -childhood has some impact, but later experiences have more impact -opportunity for uniqueness -____ : people are able to improve themselves - experience world openly; ___ outlook
answer
free choice & present environmental optimistic progressive
question
approach to therapy in which the client is assumed to be responsible for changing; focus on subjective experience
answer
person-centered therapy
question
group therapy for learning about feelings and relating to one another (others developed tests of experience)
answer
encounter groups
question
research on rogers theory: - first to ___ therapy sessions for research - ___ technique: self-report technique for assessing self-concept - discrepancy between perceived self and ideal self decreases with therapy - parent use of conditional regard - more ___ problems - ___ defense shown by poorly adjusted people
answer
film q-sort child perceptual
question
research on rogers theory: parents who use unconditional positive regard -children with higher self-esteem and ___ ___ and adolescents more confident and ____
answer
emotional security hopeful
question
research on rogers theory: -some evidence for ___ ___ process, positive self regard more prevalent in individualistic cultures than collectivist -person with great discrepancy between ______ selves rated by others as awkward, confused and unfriendly
answer
organismic valuing perceived/ideal
question
reflections on rogers theory: -lack of ___ of mechanisms -criticized for influences outside of persons perspectives -________ therapy became popular; highly accessible -core concepts accepted by other orientations -emphasis on ______ widely recognized
answer
clarification person-centered self-concept
question
rogers believed personality is influenced primarily by
answer
conscious rational factors
question
we can see origins of Rogers personality in his childhood experience of
answer
living by someone elses view of the world rather than his own
question
rogers clinical experience while in academia was mostly with
answer
young intelligence, highly verbal college students
question
rogers research on delinquent children showed that
answer
self-insight was the best predictor of later behavior
question
rogers believed that the tendency to actualize is
answer
innate
question
the purpose of what rogers called the organismic valuing process is to
answer
evaluate life experiences by how well they serve actualization
question
according to rogers, the way we see our environment is
answer
highly subjective
question
rogers believed that the experiential world is
answer
unique to each individual
question
rogers term for the acceptance we need from others is
answer
positive regard
question
according to rogers, unconditional positive regard
answer
is not dependent on the childs behavior
question
the old warning, "of course mommy loves you...when you're good!" is an example of
answer
conditional positive
question
once infants develop conditions of worth, they
answer
must avoid certain behaviors
question
what is not a characteristic of the fully functioning person
answer
unconditional positive regard
question
which term best characterizes the self-actualizing person
answer
enriched
question
rogers believed that childhood experiences are
answer
less important than later experiences
question
in rogers approach to therapy, the therapist provides
answer
unconditional positive regard
question
what method did rogers use to assess personality?
answer
clinical interviews
question
the technique in which a person arranges statements about the self-concept into categories is called
answer
q-short
question
why are so many people unhappy? rogers says it is because
answer
we have both a real self and an ideal self, and they are often in conflict
question
rogers believed our rational beings are ruled by a ___ perception of our selves and our experiential world
answer
conscious
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New