question

what are the 3 treatment principles according to Fey

answer

1. Target groups of sounds with similar patterns of errors 2. establish phonological contrasts 3. naturalistic communicative context

question

how do you establish phonological contrasts

answer

minimal pairs

question

what level do you start at for naturalistic communicative context

answer

word level

question

what are the 3 treatment principles according to Bauman-Waengler

answer

1. Phoneme 2. Treatment 3. Targets

question

whats in analysis of child's phonology

answer

1. Inventory & distribution of speech sounds 2. Syllable shapes & phonemic contrasts used 3. Error patterns

question

what is minimal pair contrast therapy

answer

the therapeutic use of pairs of words that differ by one phoneme only

question

what are three kinds of minimal pair contrast theory

answer

minimal opposition contrast therapy maximal oppositions approach multiple oppositions approach

question

whats the basic concept for minimal opposition contrast therapy

answer

a method in which minimal pairs are employed as the beginning unit of therapy

question

sounds chosen in minimal opposition contrast therapy differ

answer

in only 1 or 2 production features

question

when do you use minimal opposition contrast therapy

answer

errors of phonemic substitutions client is stimuable for the target sound

question

6 principles of target selection for minimal opposition contrast therapy

answer

1. basis- phonemic substitutions 2. place, manner, & voice features 3. select the least # of differences 4. child's age and developmental level 5. intelligibility 6. stimuable sounds have priority

question

what are the 4 steps in minimal opposition contrast therapy

answer

1. discuss words 2. discrimination testing & training 3. production training 4. carryover training

question

what are the concepts of minimal opposition contrast therapy according to Lowe

answer

1. familiarize client with minimal pair 2. show several examples of each word 3. reverse roles 4. clinician respond to what is actually named (break-down can occur) 5. opportunity for repair

question

what kinds of sounds does maximal opposition approach choose

answer

very differently produced

question

how are sounds produced differently

answer

# of unique features nature of the features

question

when do you use maximal opposition approach

answer

when there is at least six sounds missing from sound inventory moderate-severe disorder

question

what 2 sounds do you pick for target in maximal opposition

answer

not in inventory maximal differences in distinctive features

question

what makes up differences in distinctive features

answer

# of unique distinctive features nature of feature

question

what are the two phases of maximal opposition approach

answer

1. imitation phase 2. spontaneous phase

question

describe imitation phase of maximal opposition approach

answer

minimal picture cards are shown client repeats clinician's model game 75% accuracy over 2 to 7 consecutive sessions

question

describe spontaneous phase of maximal opposition approach

answer

client produces word pairs- no model various activities 90% accuracy, no model, 3 to 12 consecutive sessions

question

whats an alternative approach to contrastive minimal pairs

answer

multiple opposition approach

question

when do you use multiple opposition approach

answer

severe speech disorder at least 6 sounds across 3 manner categories child uses one phoneme for several (extensive phoneme collapse, homonymy results)

question

how are targets selected for multiple opposition approach

answer

phonemic factors greatest impact

question

what are the phonemic factors in target selection of multiple opposition approach

answer

maximal distinctions -different from child's error minimal classifications -different in place, voice, & manner

question

what are two therapy options for multiple opposition approach

answer

minimal contrast therapy specific treatment

question

what are four phases of specific treatment for multiple oppositions approach

answer

1. imitative level 2. spontaneous phase 3. spontaneous contrasts or generalization 4. conversation-based phase

question

what accuracy for imitative level on multiple oppositions approach

answer

70%, 2 consecutive treatment sets

question

what accuracy for spontaneous phase of mult oppositions approach

answer

90%, 2 consecutive treatment sets

question

what accuracy for spontaneous contrasts or generalization

answer

90%, accuracy of target sound in untrained words

question

what is conversation-based phase in mult oppositions approach

answer

naturalistic intervention procedures

question

what therapy does not exist

answer

phonological process therapy

question

what can be used to target specific phonological processes

answer

minimal contrasts

question

when do you use "phonological process therapy"

answer

young children, limited # processes, are they highly unintelligible?

question

what three therapies can you use for a child with wide variety of phonological processes

answer

cycles training, maximal opposition, metaphone

question

how do you select targets in "phonological process therapy?

answer

frequency of occurrence effect on intelligibility age and phonological development of child

question

what are the underlying concepts of cycles training

answer

no predetermined level of mastery gradual acquisition several sounds are targeted used with highly unintelligible children

question

emergence not mastery in what

answer

cycles training

question

whats the goal of cycles training

answer

increase intelligibility in short time

question

what are suggested examples of target selection in cycle 1

answer

early developing patterns posterior/anterior /s/ clusters liquids

question

what are examples of early developing patterns for cycle 1

answer

syllableness (equal stress) initial consonant deletion final consonant deletion

question

what are stimulations used to facilitate development of target patterns in cycles training

answer

auditory tactile visual kinesthetic

question

whats the definition of a cycle

answer

a time period (2-3 months) during which all primary deficient phonological patterns are targeted in succession

question

the length of time of the cycle depends on

answer

number of deficient patterns number of stimulable phonemes in the patterns

question

whats addressed in the 1st cycle

answer

each basic deficient pattern

question

most patterns need to be___

answer

recycled

question

when do you reevaluate

answer

after cycle 1

question

when do you repeat the sequence

answer

cycles training

question

how long do you spend for each target phoneme within parget pattern per cycle

answer

60 min

question

if a phonological pattern is being targeted how long do you spend

answer

(2) 60 min exemplars

question

how many patterns in typical cycle 1

answer

3-6

question

what is the structure of cycle

answer

1. review prior session's targets 2. auditory bombardment 3. target word cards 4. production practice 5. stimulability 6. auditory bombardment 7. home program

question

whats up with auditory bombardment

answer

1-2 minutes, 12-15 words, child just LISTENS

question

how many words on target word cards

answer

3-5

question

target word selection for word cards in cycles

answer

elicit through picture or objects child must be able to product the target word child makes his own

question

whats up with production practice on cycles

answer

play activities, clinician models and gives other cues, 100% success, check production in spontaneous speech

question

whats the home program like in cycles

answer

2 min per day, auditory bombardment, production practice

question

word card summary of cycles

answer

1. minimal unit of production practice 2. monosyllabic 3. have facilitative environments 4. objects or actions

question

whats a meta-linguistic approach to phonological pattern therapy

answer

metaphon therapy

question

whats the basic idea of meta-linguistic approach

answer

gets the child thinking about language

question

whats metaphonology

answer

pay attention to & reflect on the phonological structure of a language

question

whats the theory of metaphon therapy

answer

increase in phonological awareness will result in change in production

question

who do you use metaphon therapy on

answer

preschool children

question

why preschool children and what kind

answer

metaphonological knowledge is developing, mod-severe phonological disorder, at least 2 or 3 processes

question

children with phonological disorders do not ___ on metaphonological tasks

answer

do as well

question

whats phase 1 of metaphon therapy

answer

developing phonological awareness (child is a listener)

question

what are the 5 levels of metaphon therapy for substitution

answer

concept level sound level phoneme level word level communicative context

question

what is sound level

answer

lip smacking for front sounds. coughing for back sounds. NOT PHONEME NECESARILY JUST SOUNDS

question

what are the two levels for metaphon therapy for syllable structure processes (such as final cons. deletion)

answer

concept level syllable/word level

question

what is phase two of metaphon therapy

answer

developing phonological & communicative awareness

question

when does a clinician work on production and talk about features of sounds in metaphon therapy

answer

phase 2

question

what are four general considerations for target sound selection in metaphon therapy

answer

not seen in typical children of same age variable use of simplification process intelligibility sounds available: spontaneous & imitated

question

disorders will persist if

answer

family history less mature syllable structure

question

how can you tell if just late bloomer

answer

high frequency of speech acts higher scores in language comprehension tests higher levels of symbolic play

question

2 patterns emerge in vowel errors

answer

limited vowel inventories large # of vowel substitutions

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