question

major impact of the Columbian exchange on western Europe was the introduction of

answer

new food crops that improved the European diet

question

After the Spanish arrived, Native American populations were most greatly reduced by

answer

disease

question

All of the following are sources of wealth that European governments were looking for in the Americas in the 1600'2 and early 1700's, EXCEPT:

answer

technology (correct=fur, gold, trade)

question

All of the following were effects of the Columbian exchange, EXCEPT:

answer

Trade increased between the Americas and Asia

question

How did European settlers in North America legally justify seizing lands from native North American peoples?

answer

Because the Indians were not Christian, they had no right to the land

question

In the New World, the Columbian Exchange generally resulted in ...

answer

the introduction of infectious diseases. the introduction of domesticated animals such as cattle and horses. the introduction of food crops such as wheat.

question

Native Americans were more vulnerable to smallpox and measles than were Europeans because Europeans

answer

had developed resistance to the diseases

question

"(It) brought the potato, the pineapple, the turkey, dahlias, sunflowers, magnolias, maize, chilies and chocolate across the Atlantic. On the other hand, tens of millions died in the pandemics of the 16th century, victims of smallpox, measles and the other diseases brought by Europeans (and don't forget that the African slave trade was begun by the Europeans, to replace the work force they had decimated)" Which historical development is being described in this quotation?

answer

The Columbian Exchange

question

Review this list and then answer the question: • Maize and potatoes were grown in Europe. • Millions of Africans suffered during the Middle Passage. • Smallpox had devastating effects on indigenous peoples. • Spanish language is used in much of Latin America. Which global interaction is illustrated by these statements?

answer

Columbian Exchange

question

Smallpox, influenza, and measles spread rapidly in the Americas because of ...

answer

lack of previous exposure that would build natural immunity.

question

The "Columbian Exchange" refers to ...

answer

the changes produced by the trade of peoples, plants, animals, microbe, and ideas between the Old and New Worlds.

question

The first permanent English settlement was at:

answer

Jamestown

question

The main goals of Christopher Columbus journey that landed in the Americas were to find gold, spread Christianity, and claim lands for which country?

answer

Spain

question

What was a major effect of the Columbian exchange?

answer

Potatoes entered the European diet.

question

Which event did NOT happen with the growth of Jamestown and tobacco farming?

answer

discovery of quick wealth

question

What was one effect of the Columbian exchange?

answer

introduction of new foods to both Europe and the Americas

question

Which statement describes an impact of the Columbian exchange on the lives of Europeans?

answer

The combination of new products and ideas promoted economic growth.

question

Which of the following items came from North America?

answer

Chocolate

question

Which of the following was not native to the Americas?

answer

pig

question

Which of the following was not native to Europe?

answer

corn

question

True or False: Vikings successfully crossed the Atlantic Ocean and visited the Western Hemisphere about 500 years before Columbus.

answer

true

question

The Columbian Exchange refers to the transfer of plants and animals between East and West

answer

true

question

The first European nation to establish colonies in the Americas was Portugal

answer

false

question

In which area did good harbors, abundant forests, rocky soil, and a short growing season most influence the colonial economy?

answer

New England colonies

question

In which area did good land, food cash crops and farms with large families most influence the colonial economy?

answer

Middle Atlantic region

question

In which area did good land, non-food cash crops and farm labor was provided by indentured servants and slaves most influence the colonial economy?

answer

Southern colonies

question

Subsistence farming can best be defined as ...

answer

producing just enough food for a family's survival.

question

This was the key to Jamestown's financial success:

answer

Tobacco

question

What was the Enlightenment?

answer

A period of time using reasoning and scientific discovery & experimentation,

question

What was The Great Awakening?

answer

A period of time when people started to actively practice religious beliefs.

question

What was the significance of William Penn's colony (Pennsylvania)?

answer

was the most tolerant colony

question

What were the original settlers of Jamestown looking for?

answer

gold

question

Which event did NOT happen with the growth of Jamestown and tobacco farming?

answer

discovery of quick wealth

question

Why did the Pilgrims come to America?

answer

For religious freedom

question

Why did the Puritans settle in Massachusetts?

answer

escape from persecution

question

All of the following were reasons why Southern planters chose to use enslaved Africans on their plantations except

answer

a. Africans were believed to be well suited to working in hot climates. b. slaves provided labor for their entire lifetimes. ****c. enslaved Africans were very inexpensive to purchase.**** d. most white colonists thought black people were inferior.

question

As more and more settlers arrived in Jamestown, relations between the settlers and the Powhatan peoples

answer

worsened.

question

Enlightenment thinkers stressed all of the following EXCEPT

answer

a. the use of reason. b. the scientific method. c. the importance of the individual. ****d. the unpredictability of nature.****

question

In the early years of the Virginia colony, a field laborer was most likely to be

answer

an indentured servant or a former indentured servant.

question

Jamestown's most serious problems during its first year were caused by

answer

the settlers attitudes and impracticality

question

The colony that was founded on principles of social equality and religious tolerance was

answer

Pennsylvania

question

The first English colonies in North America were set up in the hope of achieving

answer

financial gain for investors.

question

The Puritans views and attitudes led them to promote the idea of

answer

hard work for common goals.

question

To John Smith's dismay, the settlers in Jamestown directed most of their energy toward

answer

searching for gold and other riches

question

The most important export from the Virginia Colony was cotton.

answer

false

question

Not only goods, but people, were exchanged in the

answer

triangular trade

question

The Middle Passage refers to:

answer

The leg of the triangular trade where slaves were brought to the Americas.

question

All of the following were reasons why Southern planters chose to use enslaved Africans on their plantations except

answer

enslaved Africans were very inexpensive to purchase.

question

The "middle passage" refers to the part of the transatlantic trade network that carried

answer

Africans from Africa to the West Indies and North America

question

What was the main reason that there were more enslaved persons in the South than in the North during the 1700s?

answer

The Southern economy depended on a larger number of field laborers.

question

Which of the following directly contributed to the increase in African slaves brought to the colonies?

answer

a lack of indentured servants

question

The main cargo sent to North America via the middle passage was

answer

African slaves

question

According the Mercantilism economic system, which is NOT a source of wealth use to determine (or measure) the power of a country?

answer

a. favorable trade balance b. gold ****c. land**** d. silver

question

In its economic relationship with its North American colonies, Great Britain followed the principles of 18th-century mercantilism by ...

answer

limiting the colonies' trade with other nations.

question

Mercantilism, an economic system in which the colonies played an important role for Great Britain, involves all of the following EXCEPT...

answer

****a. being able to buy more products than it sells to other nations.**** b. establishing a favorable balance of trade. c. seeking wealth through obtaining large amounts of gold and silver. d. selling more goods than it buys from other nations.

question

The British benefited from their mercantilist relationship with the American colonies primarily by ...

answer

buying raw materials from the colonies and selling them finished products.

question

The British system of mercantilism was opposed by many American colonists because it ...

answer

placed restrictions on trading.

question

What were the results of the Navigation Acts?

answer

England got tighter control of the colonies and the colonies made money with shipbuilding.

question

According to the theory of mercantilism, a country has a favorable balance of trade when

answer

the value of exports is greater than the value of imports.

question

The purpose of the Navigation Acts (1651) was to

answer

restrict colonial trade

question

Under the policy of mercantilism, England relaxed its enforcement of trade regulations in the colonies in return for their continued economic loyalty.

answer

false

question

Which is the best description of the political development of colonial America in the mid-eighteenth century?

answer

The chief executive or governor dominated colonial government.

question

True or False: Patriots and Loyalists supported some amount of individual choice for the colonies?

answer

true

question

Based on the Patriot v Loyalist Town Meeting and discussion, you can give three very different reasons why the Revolutionary War happened

answer

...

question

Patriots and Loyalists usually agreed on all of the following statements, EXCEPT:

answer

The visible presence of the military was vital to the success of the colonies.

question

Which is an issue that the Loyalists would support?

answer

increasing Parliament's control of resources

question

Which is a reason that divided Patriots and Loyalists about taxing the colonies?

answer

Colonial taxes should be used to pay off English government debt.

question

What were the colonists and Great Britain in sharp disagreement over by 1764?

answer

how the colonies should be taxed and governed

question

Representation in Parliament was the desire of ...

answer

patriots

question

True of False: When the American Revolution was fought many loyalists did not go back to England.

answer

true

question

Most colonists felt that British tax laws were unfair because ...

answer

the colonists had no representation of their own in Parliament.

question

Loyalists supported colonial trade policies, as embodied in the Navigation Acts, based on the theory of ...

answer

mercantilism: insuring self-sufficiency by monopolizing trade.

question

What issue would be most important to a Patriot?

answer

helping Parliament decide laws for the colonies

question

True or False: The Patriots believed that mercantilism was necessary for the colonies.

answer

false

question

What formal document explained the reasons why the American colonies wanted to separate from Britain?

answer

The Declaration of Independence

question

Which is NOT an intent of the Declaration of Independence?

answer

***a. A letter to Canada to get them to leave England.*** b. A letter to other countries to gain their support c. Notification to England that the colonies are independent d. To rally the colonists to fight for independence

question

Most of the Declaration of Independence consists of ...

answer

details about problems with England.

question

why was federalism and a system of checks and balances used in the U.S. Constitution?

answer

Its writers feared a concentration of political power.

question

One way in which the United States Constitution differed from the Articles of Confederation was that the Constitution ...

answer

created a national government having three branches.

question

What type of government did the Articles of Confederation establish?

answer

Congress

question

(T/F) The Constitution laid out fundamental principles such as All Men are Created Equal and that people have a right to "Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness."

answer

false

question

According to the U.S. Constitution, which branch of the federal government is responsible for enforcing laws?

answer

Executive Branch

question

Which was NOT a constitution of the United States?

answer

Declaration of Independence (United States Constitution and Articles of Confederation were)

question

The Declaration of Independence has had a major influence on peoples throughout the world because it ...

answer

provides justification for revolting against unjust governments

question

The Great Compromise of the Constitutional Convention involved the issue of ...

answer

representation of large and small states in Congress

question

The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution were primarily designed to protect what?

answer

Individual rights

question

The Declaration of Independence was signed on which date?

answer

July 4, 1776

question

Which of the following amendments to the Constitution was NOT part of the Bill of Rights?

answer

direct election of senators

question

According to the U.S. Constitution, which branch of the federal government is responsible for making laws?

answer

legislative

question

Which group would most likely approve of the Articles of Confederation?

answer

those who feared strong central government.

question

What is the Bill of Rights?

answer

The first 10 Amendments to the Constitution.

question

Ratification of the Constitution would not have happened without the promise of the addition of ...

answer

a Bill of Rights

question

The Articles of Confederation failed because ...

answer

the national government was too weak.

question

There was opposition to the ratification of the Constitution because

answer

The document lacked guaranteed rights for the citizens.

question

Under the Articles of Confederation, the power to collect taxes was given to ...

answer

the state governments.

question

A major argument for American independence found in the Declaration of Independence was that the British ...

answer

deprived Americans of their natural rights.

question

What was the Articles of Confederation?

answer

First constitution of the United States

question

According to the Declaration of Independence, the people have the right to alter or abolish a government if that government ...

answer

violates natural rights

question

Separation of powers means...

answer

dividing the power of government within a single level of government.

question

Popular sovereignty is the belief that ...

answer

the power is in the hands of the governed.

question

Dividing the power of government between different levels of government, such as state government and federal government, is known as...

answer

Federalism

question

What is the most correct statement about Popular Sovereignty?

answer

People decide an issue by voting.

question

Dividing the power of a level of government, such as the federal government, is known as...

answer

Separation of power

question

Ideas about how to define America's new republic included all these EXCEPT

answer

a. elected leadership b. federalism ****c. self-interest**** d. separation of powers

question

Before the Civil War, the principle of popular sovereignty was proposed as a means of ...

answer

deciding the legalization of slavery in a new state.

question

The three branches of government established by the current constitution include:

answer

Executive, Legislative, Judicial

question

How does the Constitution of the United States of America prevent abuse of power by the three branches of government?

answer

separation of powers

question

The doctrine of separation of powers calls for which of the following?

answer

Separation of the functions of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches

question

Popular Sovereignty is defined as:

answer

citizens (residents) vote to decide an issue.

question

The establishment of a federal system means that ...

answer

the powers of government are divided between the national government and state governments.

question

What is the most correct statement about Manifest Destiny?

answer

The obvious and ordained right to expand to the Pacific Ocean.

question

Manifest Destiny was used to justify an American desire to ...

answer

expand the United States to the Pacific Ocean.

question

Which action most justified taking over land from Mexicans and Native Americans?

answer

manifest destiny

question

All of the land acquisitions listed below can be attributed to Manifest Destiny, EXCEPT:

answer

Florida acquisition

question

The United States expanded westward to the Pacific Ocean by acquiring land using all of these methods EXCEPT:

answer

stealing

question

Before the Civil War, women are most known for their active roles in all these movements EXCEPT:

answer

a. abolition ****b. campaigning for election**** c. health and education d. temperance

question

True or False: Women were trying to get the right to vote as early as the 1840s.

answer

true

question

Women's reform efforts in health and inhuman condition issues started with their involvement in trying to improve conditions ...

answer

in prison systems.

question

What was the direct result of the Confederate States seceding from the United States?

answer

beginning of civil war

question

Which of the following is considered to be a long term cause of the Civil War?

answer

The North and South had different economic philosophies that clashed with the other.

question

What was John Brown's aim at Harpers Ferry?

answer

to seize a federal arsenal and start a widespread slave uprising

question

The ruling of the Supreme Court in Dred Scott v. Sanford demonstrate that the Supreme Court ...

answer

failed to protect the rights of minorities.

question

As the Civil War began, President Abraham Lincoln stated that his primary goal was to ...

answer

preserve the Union.

question

At the outset, President Lincoln held that the Civil War was being fought to ...

answer

preserve the union

question

What is the name given to those who opposed slavery?

answer

abolitionists

question

The controversy over Federal Government Power versus States' Rights was a basic cause of the ...

answer

Civil War

question

What did the Dred Scott decision of the Supreme Court do?

answer

allowed slavery to continue and allowed slaves to be considered property

question

In the years after the Civil War, most freedmen ended up working as ...

answer

farmers under a sharecropper system.

question

A major result of the Civil War was that the ...

answer

federal government's power over the states was strengthened.

question

General Lee's surrender to General Grant took place at ...

answer

Appomattox Court House.

question

The North's rapid economic growth during the Civil War was stimulated by ...

answer

increased government demand for many products.

question

During the Civil War, southern women played an especially important part as ...

answer

managers of farms and plantations.

question

The economic impact of the Civil war on the South included all of the following, EXCEPT:

answer

****a. The South appreciated the help of Northerners to rebuild the South following the war.**** b. The South was left embittered and devastated by the war. c. The South's factories, farms, railroads, and major cities were destroyed and lay in ruins. d. The south remained a backwards agriculture-based economy and the poorest section of the nation for many decades.

question

The Battle of _________ was a turning point in the war because it made the South give up the idea of invading the North.

answer

Gettysburg

question

ROANOKE ISLAND

answer

The Lost Colony • 1587 (1590 return) • Founded for economic reasons by the English • 1st permanent English settlement attempt • Disappeared

question

JAMESTOWN - 1607

answer

positive: help from natives, beginning of trade. Negative: poor location (swamp), disease

question

Pilgrims: Mayflower

answer

•1620 •Pilgrims (107) want to practice their religion •Colony struggled but survived with help from natives

question

Massachusetts Bay Colony

answer

• 1628 (1624 attempt failed) • Settled by Puritans • Separatists from the Church of England to avoid persecution • Did they support religious toleration? - No

question

Pennsylvania

answer

• 1681 • Founded by William Penn • Settled by Quakers in search of religious freedom • Most tolerant colony of the time - fair treatment of all - land ownership - non-violence

question

Northern Colonies Economy

answer

Trade, good harbors, on trade routes Individual manufacturing: Water powered mills (textiles), Iron works, Rum making Based on the sea: Fishing, Ship building Agriculture: Subsistence (for own use) agriculture, Poor soil, long winters

question

Middle Colonies Economy

answer

iron works, rum making, small/ med. farms (w/ indentured servants), cash crops: grains, fuit/ veggie, cows, pigs, chicken

question

Southern colonies economy

answer

Rope, tar, turpentine, tobacco, indigo, rice, plantation system: slaves/ ind. servants, small farms too

question

colonial government

answer

governor, governor's advisory council, legislature, town meeting

question

revolutionary war (length)

answer

1775-1781

question

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

answer

Thomas Jefferson authorized purchase of territory from Napoleon Bonaparte of France for $15 million More than doubled the size of the United States Led to Lewis and Clark expedition to explore new territory

question

war of 1812

answer

President: James Madison (Madison's War) Causes: - British impressment (taking sailors off U.S. ships to work on British ships) - British supplying Native Americans with arms Key Events: - British burned the Capitol in Washington D.C. - Frances Scott Key wrote Star Spangled Banner - Impressive victory at Battle of New Orleans

question

missouri compromise

answer

1820 The issue is balance of power in the U.S. Government - Non-slave states vs. slave states Devised by Henry Clay Maine = Free Missouri = Slave Rest of Louisiana Territory split into two parts North of 36 degrees is free South of 36 degrees is slave

question

indian removal act

answer

1830: Congress (with support of President Andrew Jackson) passed Indian Removal Act Force Native Americans to move west Many tribes signed removal treaties Worcester vs. Georgia (1832): state of GA couldn't regulate the Cherokee Nation by law or invade Cherokee lands President Jackson refused to abide this court ruling

question

trail of tears

answer

Following court's ruling, U.S. troops rounded up the Cherokee and drove them into camps and then journey west Fall of 1838, Cherokee were sent off in groups of 1,000 each Journey = 800 miles, mostly on foot Cherokee buried more than a quarter of their people along the Trail of Tears

question

texas independence

answer

(texans are own people: not part of mexico) americans reside there, annexed in 1845 by US

question

Mexican American war

answer

1846-48

question

Civil War long term causes

answer

- Job Competition (for immigrants) - different types of economy (industrial/capital North v. slave labor/agricultural South) - Opposed to use of slave labor - Uncle Tom's Cabin - Fugitive Slave Act/Personal Liberty Laws - KS-NE Act (Bleeding Kansas) - Dred Scott Decision

question

fugutive slave act

answer

- Fugitives not entitled to trial by jury - $10 reward for returning alleged fugitive - $5 reward if person that freed them, returned them - $1,000 fine/imprisonment for helping fugitive

question

personal liberty law

answer

- Passed in North in response to Fugitive Slave Act - Forbid imprisonment of runaway slaves - Fugitive slaves would have jury trials

question

Harriet Beecher Stowe

answer

- Published Uncle Tom's Cabin in 1852 - Exposed the cruelty of slavery - 3,000 copies sold the 1st day - More than a million copies sold by 1853

question

Kansas - Nebraska Act 1854

answer

- Proposed by Stephen Douglas - Break Nebraska into two states - Repealed the Missouri Compromise because it would allow slavery in the North - Allowed popular sovereignty to determine slavery

question

Sack of Lawrence

answer

- North and South poured into Kansas - Anti-slavery settlers founded Lawrence - 800 pro slavery men burned down headquarters in Lawrence (destroyed 2 newspaper printing presses and looted houses and stores)

question

john brown

answer

- Anti-slavery fanatic ("God called" on him to fight slavery) - Heard about Lawrence and wanted revenge - Mistakenly heard that 5 people killed in Lawrence - He found 5 proslavery settlers - chopped off their hands and stabbed them - "Pottawatomic Massacre"

question

bleeding kansas

answer

- John Brown's massacre started fury in Kansas - 200 people killed - Territory became bloody and paranoid

question

dred scott

answer

- Slave from MO, moved to IL, WI and then back to MO - when owner dies, sued because he should be free since lived in free states - MO Supreme Court ruled in favor of Scott's new owner - Appealed to U.S. Supreme Court - slaves are not free if moved to a free state - approved extension of slavery into territories

question

Harpers ferry

answer

October 16, 1859 - John Brown led 18 men to start an uprising and free slaves - Captured federal armory (weapons & ammunition) - Local troops killed 8 of Brown's men - Robert Lee (w/ U.S. marines) stormed Brown's barricade. - Lee killed 2 more of Brown's men and captured Brown - December 1859, Brown was hung for treason

question

triggering events

answer

Lincoln is elected President in 1860 In February of 1861, The Confederate States of America is formed Jefferson Davis is elected President of the Confederate States of America Confederacy fires on South Carolina Union fort at Fort Sumter in April, 1861

question

July 21, 1861 - Bull Run (Virginia)

answer

- First battle - Union expected easy victory - Confederate victory

question

September 1862 - Antietam (Maryland)

answer

- Union troops under McClellan found Lee's army orders wrapped around cigars - Bloodiest single day battle in American history - Casualties: 23,000 - Battle was a draw (no clear winner)

question

Emancipation Proclamation

answer

- January, 1863 - Freed slaves under Confederate Rule (outside Union control) - Aimed at the states in rebellion

question

Gettysburg (Pennsylvania)

answer

- 3 day battle - 1st 2 days, the Confederates were in the lead - It ended in a Union victory - Union lost 23,000 and Confederates lost 28,000 - Turning point of war

question

Clara Barton - Union nurse

answer

- At start of the Civil War - worked as a clerk in the U.S. Patent Office - "Angel of the battlefield" for her efforts to bring medical care to Civil War battlefields - She helped decrease the death rate - Founded the American Red Cross - 1881

question

lincoln assassination

answer

April 14, 1865 (Five days after surrender)

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