Symbols, Interactionism & Functional Analysis: Keys to Understanding Society
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symbols are the key to understanding how we view the world & communicate w/ one another Charles Horton Cooley & George Hebert Mead
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symbolic interactionism
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society is a whole unit, made up of interrelated parts that work together Robert K. Merton
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functional analysis
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provides a third person society and is composed of groups that compete with one another for scarce resources Karl Marx
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conflict theory
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1. selecting a topic 2. defining the problem 3. reviewing the literature 4. formulating a hypothesis 5. choosing a research method 6. collecting the data 7. analyzing the results 8. sharing the results
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research model
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what do you want to know more about? Follow your curiosity.
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1. selecting a topic
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Specify what you want to learn about the topic.
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2. defining the problem
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must read on the topic. helps to narrow down the problem. may also help pinpoint any specific questions
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3. Reviewing the literature
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predicts a relationship between variables. hypothesis must be a able to be test/experiment.
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4. formulating a hypothesis
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how are you going to collect your data?
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5. choosing a research method
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must be valid. be certain of what you are measuring. data must be reliable
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6. collecting your data
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test hypothesis
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7. analyzing the results
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write a report on your findings to share. compare your findings with published reports on the topic & examine how they support or disagree with theories from others
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8. sharing the results
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the use of control & experimental groups & dependent & independent variables to test causation-- allow us to determine cause & effect
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experiments
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the collection of data by having people answer a series of questions
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survey
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research in which the researcher participates in a research setting while observing what is happening in that setting
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participant observation
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the analysis of data that have been collected by other researchers
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secondary research
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august comte
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positivism
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Herbert spencer
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survival of the fittest
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karl marx
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class conflict
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emile durkheim
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social integration
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max weber
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protestant ethic
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-1st African American to earn a doctorate at Harvard -studied racism & soci at Atlanta Univ. 1897 -published a book on relations of blacks & whites -founder of NAACP
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W.E.B DuBois
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MIT B.S. 1888
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marion talbot
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Univ. of Chicago Masters Philosophy 1909
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grace abbott
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Columbia Univ M.A. 1910
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frances perkins
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feminism
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harriet martineau
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fisk univ 1882-84
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ida b. wells
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understanding human behavior by placing it within its border social context
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sociological perspective
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phase 1: against helping the poor--their deaths were good for the progress of society. phase 2: basic "real" sociology phase 3: current--swinging toward applying sociological knowledge
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sociologys tension: research vs. reform
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group memberships that people have because of their location in history/society EX.) jobs, gender, income, race, education, ethnicity, age, ideas/behavior
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social location
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each society is in a large stream of events. Gives each society specific character ideas about what roles are proper for men & women
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why is history essential for sociological perception?
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people's experiences within a specific historical setting. Your experiences become a part of your thinking/ motivation
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why is biography essential for sociological perception?
