Ch 1 Forensic Science and The Law – Flashcards
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Who undertook the first definitive study of fingerprints as a method of personal identification?
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Galton
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Who devised a technique for determining the blood group of a dried bloodstain, which he applied to criminal investigations?
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Lattes
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Who established the comparison microscope as the indispensable tool of the modern firearms examiner?
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Goddard
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Who wrote the first treatise describing the application of science to the field of criminal investigation?
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Gross
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Who established the first workable crime laboratory?
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Locard
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Who postulated the exchange of evidence principle?
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Loccard
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The oldest forensic laboratory in the United States is that of the:
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Los Angeles Police Department
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Approximately how many operating crime labs are there in the United States (federal, state, and country)?
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300+
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Which entity maintains the largest crime laboratory in the world?
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FBI
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Which could not be included in the work of the biology unit of a crime lab?
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fingerprint analysis
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Which unit has the responsibility for the examination of body fluids and organs for the presence of drugs and poisons?
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toxicology
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The concept of "general acceptance" of scientific evidence relates to the:
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Frye Standard
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In the case of Daubert v. Merrel Dow Pharmaceutical, Inc., the U.S. Supreme Court advocated that a "gatekeeper" determine the admissibility and reliability of scientific evidence. This gatekeeper is the:
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trial judge
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An expert witness must NOT be able to demonstrate:
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formal degree in forensic science
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The final evaluator of forensic evidence is the:
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jury
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What is the LEAST important consideration in the gathering of evidence at a crime scene?
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guilt of the suspect(s)
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Which matter is NOT the province of civil litigation? The determination of competency to:
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stand trial for burglary
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Bite marks would be LEAST likely to be found in cases involving:
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arson
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Forensic ontology refers to the study of:
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teeth
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What service is typically provided to law enforcement by crime labs?
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criminalistics
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What individual was not an earlier contributor to the field of forensic toxicology?
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Alphonse Bertillon
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The scientific method requires that scientific evidence be validated by:
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questions, hypothesis, experiments
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Thew ten sections of The American Academy of Forensic Science include:
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general, toxicology, criminalistics, jurisprudence
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The tendency of the public to believe that every crime with yield forensic evidence and their unrealistic expectations that a prosecutor's case should always be bolstered and supported by forensic evidence is known as:
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The scientific method
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What is the major problem facing the forensic DNA community?
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backlog of unanalyzed DNA samples
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The wide variation in which services are offered in different crime labs is due to:
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variations in local laws and budgetary and staffing limitations
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The _____ unit applies principles and techniques of chemistry, physics, and geology to the identification and comparison of crime-scene evidence.
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physical science
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Which specialized are of forensic science examines the relationship between human behavior and legal proceedings?
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forensic psychiatry
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A crime scene which involved the collapse of a structure would be analyzed by specialists in the area of:
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forensic engineering
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What factor(s) do(es) the court usually take into consideration as sufficient grounds for qualification as an expert witness?
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experience, training, education
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Specially trained personnel called ____ are employed by some crime labs on 24-hour call to retrieve evidence and have all the proper tools and supplies for proper collection and packaging of evidence at their disposal.
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evidence technicians
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