Cell Reproduction Study Guide
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the reproduction of cells in which they divide into two new cells with the same number of chromosomes and the exact same DNA.
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Mitosis
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Mitosis starts with _______ chromosomes
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46
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Mitosis ends with 2 new cells with ______chromosomes
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46
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List the first stage of mitosis
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Prophase
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List the second stage of mitosis
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Metaphase
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List the third stage of mitosis
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Anaphase
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List the fourth stage of mitosis
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Telophase
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the time when cells are growing and developing, but not reproducing
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Interphase
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thread like fibers which chromosomes attach
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spindle fibers
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point where spindle fibers attach
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centrioles
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half of a chromosome
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chromatid
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center of a chromosome where 2 chromosomes attach
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centromere
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2 chromatids joined together
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chromosome
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there are 46 chromosomes in every ____ cell
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body
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there are 23 chromosomes in every ___ cell
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sex
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In ____ of mitosis, 46 chromosomes become present, the nuclear membrane disappears, the centrioles move to the poles and spindle fiber form
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prophase
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In ____ of mitosis, 46 chromosomes line up in the middle of the celll and attach to the spindle fibers
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metaphase
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In ____ of mitosis, 46 chromosomes tear apart into 46 chromatids. 46 chromatids go one way, and 46 chromatids go the other way
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anaphase
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In ____ of mitosis, the cell tears into two cells, the centrioles and spindle fibers disappear, the chromatids return to chromatin, the nuclear membrane reforms
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telophase
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during ____ no chromosomes are present, only chromatin, and the body cell grows and develops. But it is NOT reproducing!
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interphase
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the division of sex cells. It results in 4 new cells with half the number of chromosomes and different DNA.
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meiosis
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Gametes are ____ cells
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sex
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Sex cells have ____ chromosomes in each cell
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23
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What forms when a sperm and an egg unite during fertiliztion
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zygote
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The zygote has ___ chromosomes
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46
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when the offspring has half the number of chromosomes as the parent
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haploid number
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when the offspring has the same number of chromosomes as the parent
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diploid number
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the diploid number for 46 is ____
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46
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the haploid number for 46 is ___
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23
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In _____ of meiosis, 23 chromosome pairs become visible, centrioles and spindle fibers form and the nuclear membrane disappears
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prophase 1
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In _____ of meiosis, the 23 pairs of chromosomes line up in the middle at the equator
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metaphase 1
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In ____ of meiosis, the 23 chromosome pairs split into 23 individual chromosomes...23 go one way and 23 go the other way
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anaphase 1
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In ____ of meiosis, the cell tears into two. The spindle fibers and centrioles disappear, the chromosomes return to chromatin, and the nuclear membrane reforms
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telophase 1
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In ____ of meiosis, the 23 chromosomes line up in the middle at the equator.
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metaphase 2
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In ____ of meiosis, the 23 chromosomes split into 23 chromatids. 23 chromatids go one wya and 23 chromatids go the other way.
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anaphase 2
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In ___ of meiosis, the 23 chromosomes are visible, the spindle fibers and centrioles appear, and the nuclear membrance disappears.
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prophase 2
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In ____ of meiosis, the cells tear into two. The spindle fibers and centrioles disappear, the chromatids turn into chromatin and the nucleus reforms. 4 new cells are created ...new eggs in girls and new sperms in guys
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telophase 2
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the chemical code that makes up chromosomes. It gives directions as to what traits an organism will have.
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DNA
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the four nitrogen bases of DNA and tell which bases join together.
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adenine & thymine; cytosine & guanine
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sugar and phosphates
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The sides of DNA ladder are made of __ and __.
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4 nitrogen
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THe steps of the ladder are made of
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Gene
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__ are section of DNA on a chromosomes that control traits.
