Cell Division Proliferation and Reproduction – Flashcards
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Controlled cell death is termed
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Apoptosis
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The time it takes for cells to divide
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Depends on the health and environment of the cell
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The gonads of females are
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ovaries
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Sometimes the gene for blue eye color is in the same gamete as the gene for curly hair, but they are in different gametes just as often. Why?
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Independent assortment
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During anaphase I of meiosis
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Segregation of alleles occurs
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Chromosomes first become visible during
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prophase
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When homologous chromosomes are at the equator of the cell, it is in
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Metaphase I
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During prophase ____ are formed.
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spindles
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Two nuclei are formed during
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Telophase I
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Which one of the following is typical of meiosis? All the cells produced
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Have undergone nondisjunction
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If an organism proceeds through meiosis and produces sex cells with 32 chromosomes (e.g., a horse), the cells of the horse's brain will each contain ______ chromosomes.
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64
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Which of the following represents normal fertilization in humans?
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n + n = 2n
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Nondisjunction in humans can result in a person with
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Forty-seven chromosomes
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__________ may cause cancer.
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Mutagenic agents
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A dividing cell lacks a nuclear membrane, contains chromosomes consisting of two chromatids, and has clearly visible chromosomes. It is in which one of the following stages?
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metaphase
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A cell mass that does NOT fragment and spread beyond its original area of growth is known as a(n)
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benign tumor
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Which of the following is necessary before any of the other events can occur?
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Pairing of homologous chromosomes
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During anaphase of mitosis, the
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Number of distinct chromosomes present is twice the number that were present before mitosis started
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In which of the following ways does an anaphase I cell differ from an anaphase II cell?
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Anaphase I cells have chromosomes separating; anaphase II cells have chromatids separating
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Daughter cells are formed during
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Telophase
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Which of the following is NOT true of cytokinesis?
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Cytokinesis occurs during interphase
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During which stage does cytokinesis happen?
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Telophase I
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Crossing-over and synapsis occur during
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Prophase I of meiosis only
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Normally, a gamete gets only one of a pair of alleles. This is true because of
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Segregation
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Nondisjunction may result in a person with twenty-three pairs of chromosomes
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-Plus an extra chromosome -Minus a sex chromosome -With an extra chromosome number 21
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During metaphase I of meiosis,
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Homologous pairs are aligned at the equator
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In male fruit flies, crossing-over does not occur during meiosis, while in females crossing-over does occur. This means that
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There is less genetic variety among sperm than among eggs
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Nondisjunction in humans can result in a person with
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Forty-seven chromosomes
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Chromosomes that carry the genes that determine the sex of an individual are called
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sex chromosomes
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Centromeres separate allowing the chromatids to move toward the poles in
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Anaphase II
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DNA replication occurs during
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S phase of interphase
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Nondisjunction results in
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Daughter cells with different numbers of chromosomes
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Crossing-over occurs in
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Prophase I
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A cell mass that does NOT fragment and spread beyond its original area of growth is known as a(n)
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Benign tumor
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When the gene p53 initiates apoptosis, the cell's DNA causes the cell to
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Digest itself from the inside out
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The normal outcome of mitosis is
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To produce genetically identical copies of cells
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In which of the following ways does an anaphase I cell differ from an anaphase II cell?
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Anaphase I cells have chromosomes separating; anaphase II cells have chromatids separating
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In which of the following ways does a telophase I cell differ from a telophase II cell?
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Telophase I cells have chromosomes consisting of two chromatids; telophase II cells only have chromatids
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Fertilization produces
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zygotes
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Meiosis is necessary if
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The chromosome number of a sexually reproducing species is to remain the same generation after generation
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Chromosomes move toward the poles during
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Anaphase
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A process of making exact copies of the cells of animals such as cats in the laboratory is technically known as
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Somatic cell nuclear transfer
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Cells spend most of their life
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In the G0 phase
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In a human, the 46 chromosomes would be at the equator during
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Metaphase
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During anaphase I of meiosis
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Segregation of alleles occurs
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Segregation refers to the separation of
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Alleles
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"Boy! You can line up all these homologous pairs of chromosomes in a lot of different ways!" This process is referred to as
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Independent assortment
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A normally functioning muscle cell is in which stage of its cycle?
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G0
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The exchange of chromosome parts may occur during
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Prophase I
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Which one of the following is typical of meiosis? All the cells produced
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Have undergone nondisjunction
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Which of the following is FALSE regarding nondisjunction?
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A cell with one too few chromosomes is trisomic
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During anaphase II of meiosis,
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Chromosomes move to poles
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If the haploid number for an organism is 20, the number of chromosomes in each gamete will be
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20
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An organelle used during animal cell division is the
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Centriole
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Which of the following is NOT true of cytokinesis?
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Cytokinesis occurs during interphase
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If the blood type and the number of fingers are inherited independently, this means
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They segregate randomly
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Proteins required for the spindles are synthesized in the
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G2 stage
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During which of the following stages of meiosis is the cell haploid?
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Anaphase II
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Segregation
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Happens when chromosomes separate and move to the poles
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Controlled cell death is termed
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Apoptosis
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Nondisjunction is the process
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In which homologous chromosomes fail to segregate normally
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Chromosomes align along the equator during
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Metaphase
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When the chromosomes have moved around so that they all lie on a plane in the middle of the cell, the stage is called
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Metaphase
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The process of cell specialization within a multicellular organism is
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Determination
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The centromere divides during
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Anaphase II
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During which of the following stages of meiosis does the cell contain the greatest amount of DNA?
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Prophase I
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If the haploid number of an organism is 6, the diploid number will be
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12
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The physician explained that her cancer had metastasized or
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Spread from its original site
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Which of the following is NOT true concerning mitosis?
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It insures the immortality of the genetic information possessed by an organism
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Segregation is a source of variety in gametogenesis because
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It is during segregation that chromosomes from the parents are separated at random into the gametes
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In which of the following stages of the cell cycle does the cell contain chromosomes consisting of 2 chromatids joined by a centromere?
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Metaphase
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"She looks a little like her dad and a little like her mom." This may have resulted from
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-Crossing-over -Genetic recombination -Independent assortment
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Which of the following techniques would be useful in controlling cancer once it has formed an abnormal growth?
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Treat the cancer with drugs or other therapies that kill dividing cells
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During telophase of mitosis the
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Chromosomes have ended their move toward the poles
