Case 4: Peptic Ulcer Disease – Flashcards
58 test answers
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers 58question
AA pool
answer
diet and degradation of existing proteins
Unlock the answer
question
Lysosomal Protein turnover
answer
...
Unlock the answer
question
Ubiquitin-Proteosome pathway
answer
targets intracellular proteins for degradation 19S ___
Unlock the answer
question
Lysosomal protein turnover during starvation
answer
Activation AMPK (favors proteolysis) Activates TSCI/TSC2 --> INACTIVATES Rheb and mTOR FAVORS AUTOPHAGY
Unlock the answer
question
Lysosomal protein turnover during high energy state
answer
(insulin) Activation of AKT (favors protein synthesis) Inactivates TSC1/TSC2 Activates Rheb and mTOR INHIBITS AUTOPHAGHY
Unlock the answer
question
Cystinuria
answer
unable to absorb cystine and 3 nonessential aa from intestine and glomerulous ....
Unlock the answer
question
Erythropoietin
answer
hormone regulation of RBC production
Unlock the answer
question
What conditions cause increased rate of RBC production?
answer
...
Unlock the answer
question
Formation of hemoglobin
answer
1. 2. 3. 4.
Unlock the answer
question
Condition in which the number of RBCs in circ increased by hypoxia or genetic aberration is?
answer
polycthemia
Unlock the answer
question
Iron deficiency anemia can result from
answer
1. Dietary lack (infants, poor, elderly, teenagers) 2. Impaired absorption (sprue, chronic dia) 3. Increased requirement (child, premeno woman) 4. Chronic blood loss
Unlock the answer
question
Dx of Iron deficiency
answer
Decreased Hct, Hb, serum iron and ferritin Blood smear: microcytic + hypochromic, poikilocytosis (abnormal shape) Increased TIBC
Unlock the answer
question
Iron deficiency in adult male or post-menopausal woman, must first rule out?
answer
Gastrointestional bleeding
Unlock the answer
question
Drugs that decrease acid
answer
H2 receptor antagonists "dine" Proton pump inhibitors "prazole"
Unlock the answer
question
H2 receptor antagnoists
answer
"dine" competively inhibit Cimetidine (inhibits Cyto P450)
Unlock the answer
question
Proton pump inhibitors
answer
"prazole" Omeprazole May decrease efficacy antiplatelets (clopidogrel)
Unlock the answer
question
Drugs that neutralize acid
answer
Antacids "- hydroxide"
Unlock the answer
question
Antacids
answer
AlOH (constipation) MgOh (diarrhea) use together
Unlock the answer
question
Drugs that promote mucosal defense
answer
Sucralfate (doesn't alter pH) Collodial bismuth Prostaglandins (Rx: NSAID included ulcers)
Unlock the answer
question
sucralfate
answer
viscous gel
Unlock the answer
question
Misoprostol
answer
prostaglandin analogue
Unlock the answer
question
Eicosanoid
answer
three classes Prostglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes 20C inflamm response, smooth m contraction, BP reg, broncoC/D
Unlock the answer
question
pathway of arachodonic acid, start with diet
answer
Linoleate --> Arachodonic acid --> 1. Epoxides 2. Leukotriene 3. thromboxane 4.
Unlock the answer
question
Arachidonic acid to prostaglandins
answer
AA --> PGG2 --> PGH2 --> 1. Thrombaxane (hex ring) 2. Prostaglandin (pent ring)
Unlock the answer
question
PG nomenclature
answer
PG: prostaglandin A/D/E/F/G/H: family, refers to substituents 1/2/3: how many double bones in substituents *Series 2 naturally forms in body
Unlock the answer
question
Cyclo-oxygenase
answer
initial biosynthesic step forms five-membered ring add four atoms of oxygen to ___
Unlock the answer
question
Action of aspirin
answer
acetylates group to COX enzyme IRREVERSIBILY inactivating it
Unlock the answer
question
NSAIDS besides aspirin action
answer
Reversible block both COX1 and COX2 Celebrx and ____
Unlock the answer
question
Prominent eicosanoids formed in platelets?
answer
TXA2 (thromboxane)
Unlock the answer
question
Eicosanoids related to asthma
answer
Prostaglandings and leukotrienes PGD2 LTB4, LTC4, LTD4
Unlock the answer
question
Eicosanoids related to inflammatory bowel disease
answer
...
Unlock the answer
question
Eicosanoids related to rheumatoid arthritis
answer
...
Unlock the answer
question
Eicosanoids related to glomerulonephritis
answer
...
Unlock the answer
question
Eicosanoids related to cancer
answer
...
Unlock the answer
question
Eicosanoids related to cardiovascular disease
answer
...
Unlock the answer
question
Cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors
answer
NSAIDs (all but aspirin are reversible) affect COX1+2
Unlock the answer
question
serious adverse effects of aspirin
answer
hepatic encephalopathy aspirin induced airway activity
Unlock the answer
question
Thromboxane antagonists mechanism
answer
block TXA2 creation or receptors
Unlock the answer
question
Leukotrine inhibition mechanism
answer
inhibition 5-oxygenase, which inhibits the lipoxygenase pathway
Unlock the answer
question
5-LO
answer
...
Unlock the answer
question
Linoleic acid is an omega-__?
answer
6
Unlock the answer
question
PGI2
answer
vasoD, inhibit platelet agg
Unlock the answer
question
TXA2
answer
vasoC, platelet ACTIVATION
Unlock the answer
question
PGH2 converts to
answer
PG D/E/F/I 2 TXA2
Unlock the answer
question
PGD2
answer
...
Unlock the answer
question
PG
answer
...
Unlock the answer
question
Alpha-Lenolenic acid -->
answer
EPA
Unlock the answer
question
Resolvins and protectins, d-series maresins
answer
...
Unlock the answer
question
A-lenolenic-->
answer
DHA
Unlock the answer
question
COX inhibitors
answer
NSAIDs Glucocorticoids
Unlock the answer
question
NSAIDs prevent conversion of ___ to ___?
answer
prevent arachidonic acid to subsequent prostaglandins and thromboxanes
Unlock the answer
question
Leukotrienes
answer
...
Unlock the answer
question
Zileuton
answer
inhibits 5-lipoxygenase
Unlock the answer
question
Zafirlukast and Montelukast
answer
antagonize cysteinyl leukotriend receptor receptor *instead of zileuton
Unlock the answer
