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rogers contributions: a system of thought in which human interests and values are of primary importance

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humanistic psychology

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rogers contributions: -theory developed from therapeutic approach, ________ therapy -person direct change; therapist facilitates -emphasis on the ____ and _____ - a single, inborn overriding motivation to actualize (develop our abilities and tendencies to become a fully functioning person)

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person-centered conscious & present

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rogers parents were ____, _____ and forced their moral view, suppression of emotional displays, and the virtue of hard work on him

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strict & religious

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these two things depended on rogers view of the world and he lived a ____ life and was fascinated with science

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solitude & reading rural

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-rogers studied ____ at the University of Wisconsin for one year then switched majors - swung to ___ views which was stressful

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agriculture liberal

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-rogers original studies were ___ then child study on ____ children -he worked to bring ____ psych to the mainstream, his inability to help clients led to stress, illness and seclusion but he had clinical experience with college students which distinguished his career

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ministry underprivileged clinical

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surprised/dismissive that self-insight is a more powerful predictor than family environment; later accepted

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the self & tendency toward actualization

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basic human motivation to actualize, maintain, and enhance the self; not automatic or effortless (process involved difficult growth)

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actualization tendency

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process of judging based on value for actualization and growth

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organismic valuing process

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this of an individual provides the frame of reference or context that influences growth

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experiential world

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only reliable reality is our subjective experience and inner perception of reality -our experiences become the only basis of our judgements and behaviors

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phenomonology

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acceptance, love and approval from others (universal and persistent need)

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positive regard

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approval regardless of ones behavior

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unconditional positive regard

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condition under which we grant ourselves acceptance and approval

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positive self-regard

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only worth of approval for desirable behaviors and attitudes (similar to freuds superego)

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conditions of worth

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approval, acceptance only when person exhibits desirable behaviors (this means that sometimes children will avoid behaviors that otherwise might be personally satisfying)

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conditional positive regard

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discrepancy between self-concept and experience

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incongruence

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compatibility between self-concept and experiences

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psychological adjustment

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desired result of psychological development (aware of all experience, live richly & fully in ever moment, trust in own organism, feel free to make choices, are creative & live constructively, may face difficulties)

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fully functioning person

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questions about human nature: -focus on ___ __ and ___ - ____ influences -childhood has some impact, but later experiences have more impact -opportunity for uniqueness -____ : people are able to improve themselves - experience world openly; ___ outlook

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free choice & present environmental optimistic progressive

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approach to therapy in which the client is assumed to be responsible for changing; focus on subjective experience

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person-centered therapy

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group therapy for learning about feelings and relating to one another (others developed tests of experience)

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encounter groups

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research on rogers theory: - first to ___ therapy sessions for research - ___ technique: self-report technique for assessing self-concept - discrepancy between perceived self and ideal self decreases with therapy - parent use of conditional regard - more ___ problems - ___ defense shown by poorly adjusted people

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film q-sort child perceptual

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research on rogers theory: parents who use unconditional positive regard -children with higher self-esteem and ___ ___ and adolescents more confident and ____

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emotional security hopeful

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research on rogers theory: -some evidence for ___ ___ process, positive self regard more prevalent in individualistic cultures than collectivist -person with great discrepancy between ______ selves rated by others as awkward, confused and unfriendly

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organismic valuing perceived/ideal

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reflections on rogers theory: -lack of ___ of mechanisms -criticized for influences outside of persons perspectives -________ therapy became popular; highly accessible -core concepts accepted by other orientations -emphasis on ______ widely recognized

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clarification person-centered self-concept

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rogers believed personality is influenced primarily by

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conscious rational factors

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we can see origins of Rogers personality in his childhood experience of

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living by someone elses view of the world rather than his own

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rogers clinical experience while in academia was mostly with

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young intelligence, highly verbal college students

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rogers research on delinquent children showed that

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self-insight was the best predictor of later behavior

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rogers believed that the tendency to actualize is

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innate

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the purpose of what rogers called the organismic valuing process is to

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evaluate life experiences by how well they serve actualization

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according to rogers, the way we see our environment is

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highly subjective

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rogers believed that the experiential world is

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unique to each individual

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rogers term for the acceptance we need from others is

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positive regard

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according to rogers, unconditional positive regard

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is not dependent on the childs behavior

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the old warning, "of course mommy loves you...when you're good!" is an example of

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conditional positive

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once infants develop conditions of worth, they

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must avoid certain behaviors

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what is not a characteristic of the fully functioning person

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unconditional positive regard

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which term best characterizes the self-actualizing person

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enriched

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rogers believed that childhood experiences are

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less important than later experiences

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in rogers approach to therapy, the therapist provides

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unconditional positive regard

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what method did rogers use to assess personality?

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clinical interviews

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the technique in which a person arranges statements about the self-concept into categories is called

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q-short

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why are so many people unhappy? rogers says it is because

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we have both a real self and an ideal self, and they are often in conflict

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rogers believed our rational beings are ruled by a ___ perception of our selves and our experiential world

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conscious

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