BYU-I FDCI 101 – Flashcards
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False
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Elder Maxwell endorses theory of the "Big Bang"
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Why?
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What question can science not answer?
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False
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Stars will exist forever.
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100 billion
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The milky way galaxy has approximately____stars
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a lily
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Elder Maxwell says that the "divine design of the Universe" is observed in:
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no
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According to Michio Kaku, was the Big Bang really a big bang?
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an atom
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Before the Big Bang occurred, the entire Universe fit into something the size of:
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the greeks
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Who were the first people to calculate the size of the Earth and the Earth-Moon distance?
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false
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Ptolomy was able to predict the motion of the planets around the Earth. Therefore, Ptolomy's earth centered model of the Universe had to be correct.
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the sun
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According to the Heliocentric Theory what was at the center of the Universe?
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telescope
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What instrument allowed Galileo to give evidence for a sun-centered solar system?
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false
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Einstein always believed in a dynamic and expanding Universe.
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george Lemaitre
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Who was the first scientist to propose that the Universe is expanding?
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steady state
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Which 20th century scientific theory tried to explain an infinite and eternal Universe.
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big bang
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hydrogen- big bang or fusion in center of stars?
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big bang
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Helium-big bang or fusion in center of stars?
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fusion in center of stars
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Carbon-big bang or fusion in center of stars?
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fusion in center of stars
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Iron-big bang or fusion in center of stars?
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Making a case for having proven your hypothesis true.
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Which of the following is NOT part of building a scientific argument as the result of testing ideas?
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True
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Generating expected observations often involves having sufficient background information to understand the hypothesis.
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False
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When testing a hypothesis, one match of actual to expected observations is sufficient
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In many cases, extensive study and creativity is necessary to be able to test an idea.
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Which of the following statements is most accurate? The logic of a scientific argument aligns with the order in which the various pieces were assembled. Understanding an idea is usually enough to come up with expected outcomes. Once you understand the background material to sufficiently understand a hypothesis, designing and executing experiments to test for expected outcomes is straightforward. In many cases, extensive study and creativity is necessary to be able to test an idea.
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false
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Science cannot be used to accurately investigate events that happened long ago.
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avoiding bias
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Having well-defined measurement procedures, which are consistently applied, will mostly help with
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false
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It is often trivial to design an experiment where the results depend only on the variable being tested.
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false
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Observations are only considered to be in support of a proposed explanation if they exactly match the predicted (or expected) outcomes of that explanation.
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a way of simplifying scientific experiments.
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In Science, an assumption is
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That during the course of changing matter from one substance to another, no matter is lost.
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What was Lavoisier's hypothesis?
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He was able to show that, when carefully conducted, no mass is lost during a series of chemical reactions.
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How did Lavoisier's actual results match his expected results?
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That the nuclei of atoms are diffuse positive charges.
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What was Rutherford's hypothesis?
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He learned that the positive charge in an atom is concentrated in a small nucleus
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What was the result of Rutherford's experiment?
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Analyzing the ratio of alpha particles passing through to those reflected back
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Rutherford calculated that a gold atom is about 10,000 larger than its nucleus. Thinking about his experiment and its results, how did he come to this conclusion?
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false
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The design and execution of an experiment to test an idea is easy, once you understand the idea well enough.
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the outermost ones
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What electrons are involved in chemical bonding?
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those are electrons involved in bonding
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Why do Lewis structures only represent the valence electrons?
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electron stealing
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Ionic bonds
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electron sharing
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Covalent bonds
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uneven electron sharing
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Polar covalent bonds
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even electron sharing
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Non-polar covalent bonds
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melting point solubility evaporation surface tension boiling point
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what are related to the strength of intermolecular forces in a compound?
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true
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All intermolecular forces arise from attractions between opposing charges
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induced dipole force
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The molecule CH4 would exhibit which type of intermolecular forces?
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false
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If two molecules are identical except that one is the mirror image of the other, then they will have identical properties.
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false
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Mirror images can be overlaid to match exactly.
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true
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Sometimes, the finest details of the structure of a molecule are relevant to the function of the molecule.
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he was a poor communicator, so nobody understood him.
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What was one of Hutton's main faults that prevented others in the scientific community from accepting his ideas about geology?
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There was no explanation for where the water went during times of low sea levels.
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There were two main theories to explain how seashells got on top of mountains. One stated that they were deposited there by rising sea levels. What is one of the biggest problems with this theory?
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Erosion occurring on his own farms.
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What observational evidence did Hutton have that led to his hypothesis that seashells on mountains were deposited before the mountains were created?
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He explained to others ideas that Hutton failed to communicate effectively. His writings were read and understood by Lyell.
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Why was Playfair, a mathematician and not a geologist, so influential in shaping geological theory?
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Increase in membership in the geologic community
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Which of the following is the most likely reason for the rapid advancement of geology from the late 1700s to the mid-1800s?
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He could not calculate how much salt was in the ocean.
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When trying to calculate the age of the earth Edmond Halley came up with an experiment that would give a rough idea of the earth's age. He believed the salt in the ocean came from deposits from erosion of land. Therefore if you divide the total amount of salt in the ocean by the total amount deposited each year you would know the age of the earth. What was the problem with his experiment?
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Physics showed that the sun could not burn for longer than that.
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Initially Kelvin suggested the earth was 98 million years old (but maybe only 20 million or as much as 400 million). Why did he later revise the earth's age to not more than 24 million years old when most geologists, including Darwin, believed the earth to be hundreds of millions of years old?
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false
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The majority of scientific work is done by individual scientists in isolation.
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Helps control bias that may emerge.
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Which of the following is one of the benefits of diversity in the scientific community?
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Subjecting your work to evaluation by others.
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What is a necessary aspect of being a part of the scientific community?
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false
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A good scientist is objective and never shows bias.
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Fossil correlation with dinoflagelletes. Relative dating by comparing rock layers.
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Which of the following methods were used to determine the age of the Mangahouanga fossils?
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Fossil formation works best in aquatic sediments.
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Why do we have many more fossils of marine life than terrestrial life?
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It would help provide a mechanism for moving ocean sediment under the volcanoes.
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suppose you discovered that there was oceanic sediment in the magma of the ring of fire volcanoes but you lived at the time of Alfred Wegener. How would his hypothesis on plate movement help explain your discovery?
