Business Law – Chapter 5 Vocabulary – Flashcards
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Crime
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Punishable offense against society
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Criminal act
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Specific conduct that violates a criminal statue
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Embezzlement
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Taking of another's property or money by a person to whom it has been entrusted
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Vicarious criminal liability
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Substituted criminal liability
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Felony
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Crime punishable by more than one year in jail, a fine of more than $1,000 or both
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Perjury
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Crime of lying under oath
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Misdemeanor
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Crime punishable by up to one year in jail, a fine of less than $1,000, or both
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Infraction
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Minor misdemeanor
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White-collar crimes
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Crime typically committed in the workplace that does not involve violence of force nor does it cause injury to people or physical damage to property
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Antitrust laws
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Laws that prohibit competing companies from price fixing or diving up sales regions
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Robbery
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Wrongful taking of another's property from their person or presence by threat of force of violence
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Burglary
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Entering a building without permission when intending to commit a crime
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False pretenses
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Obtaining property by lying about a past or existing face
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Forgery
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Falsely making or materially altering a writing to defraud another
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Bribery
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Offering or giving something of value to improperly effect performance of another party
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Extortion
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Improperly obtaining money or other things of value by use of force, fear, or the power in office
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Conspiracy
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Agreement between two or more persons to commit a crime
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Arson
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Willful and illegal burning of a building
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Defense
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At criminal law, a legal position that allows the defendant to escape criminal liability
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Procedural defenses
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Defense based on problems with the way evidence is obtained or the way the accused person is arrested, questioned, tried, or punished
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Substantive defenses
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Defenses that disprove, justify, or otherwise excuse the alleged crime
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Self-defense
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Use of force that appears reasonably necessary for the self-protection of an intended victim
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Criminal insanity
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Defense based on the accused' inability to know right from wrong
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Immunity
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Freedom from prosecution for a crime
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Contempt of court
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Action that hinders the administration of justice in court
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Punishment
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Penalty provided by law and imposed by a court
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Plea bargaining
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Agreement with prosecutor allowing defendant to plead guilty to a lesser crime than the more serious one he or she would likely be charged with
