Business Law Chapter 34 – Flashcards

A corporation by estoppel is based on fairness rather than strict legal rules

A de jure corporation is recognized as a corporation despite a defect in incorporation

A business corporation can be incorporated under either state law or federal law.

Sara decided to incorporate her business under the name Gomo, Inc. Before Gomo was incorporated, Sara signed a contract in the name of Gomo, Inc. to lease a store front. Sara did not tell the other party that Gomo was not yet formed. Sara is personally liable on the lease.

Shyff decided to incorporate his business under the name of "Zamm." In addition to "Zamm," the Model Act requires the Shyff include of the following words: "corporation," "incorporated," "limited," or "company" or an abbreviation thereof.

A corporation must always have a registered agent within the state of incorporation, even if the corporation does not maintain an office in that state.

Under corporate law, a corporation that officially states its purpose is "to engage in any lawful activity for which corporations may be organized under the General Corporation Law of Idaho" is too broad. A corporation's purpose must be more narrowly defined.

Incorporators of Maizey Co. signed and delivered the corporate charter to the proper office, but due to inefficiencies in the government office, the filing was delayed. During the period between the delivery of the charter and the filing, a promoter of Maizey Co. entered a contract for the delivery of goods using the corporate name. The supplier, if it finds out the filing had not been completed when the contract was entered, may hold the promoter personally liable on the contract.

A corporation is not allowed to issue dividends to shareholders unless it is solvent

Incorporators are required to sign the charter, deliver it to the proper state officials, and purchase a certain percentage of the initial stock offering.

It is illegal for shareholders to transfer their stock to a trust and give the trustee the power to vote the shares.

TriColor, Inc. is doing business in Minnesota, West Virginia, and Oklahoma. TriColor must register in all three of these states

Owners of preferred stock typically have a preference in liquidation.

Lee owns 1,000 shares of common stock in TriColor, Inc. Common stock is last stock in line for any corporate payouts, including dividends and liquidation payments.

Terminating a corporation is a three-step process: dissolution, winding up, and termination.

Laurie is incorporating her business. The business's home state is Wisconsin. Business will be conducted in California, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Laurie: a. must incorporate the business in Wisconsin, the home state. b. must incorporate the business in Wisconsin, California, Michigan, Pennsylvania and Virginia. c. must incorporate in Delaware. d. can incorporate the business in any state.

Carey decided to incorporate her business under the name yStar Inc. Before yStar was incorporated, Carey signed a contract in the name of yStar, Inc. to have some office space remodeled. Which statement is correct? a. yStar is liable on the contract because the contract was signed in its name. b. yStar becomes liable on the contract as soon as it is incorporated. c. yStar is liable on the contract if the contractor knows that the corporation does not yet exist. d. yStar will be liable on the contract only if the corporation adopts the contract.

A corporate charter is filed with: a. a state's Secretary of State office. b. a state's Treasury and/or Revenue Division. c. the United States Department of Commerce. d. All the above.

MegaCorp purchased 10,000 shares of its own stock that had previously been owned by private investors. The stock MegaCorp repurchased is called: a. authorized and unissued. b. authorized and issued. c. treasury stock. d. repurchased stock.

In Delaware, a person may reserve a corporate name: a. online for a $10 fee. b. for 30 days by writing a letter and paying a $100 fee. c. for 120 days by paying a $75 fee. d. only if the name is simultaneously reserved on a national basis.

In incorporating E-prise, the promoter gave an incorrect ZIP Code for the registered agent. All of the other requirements for incorporation were met. E-prise is a(n): a. de jure corporation. b. de facto corporation. c. corporation by estoppel. d. indemnified corporation.

Preemptive rights are: a. not legal in the majority of states. b. designed to prevent dilution of a shareholder's ownership in the company. c. required to be offered to shareholders by the Model Act. d. designed to indemnify managers who act in good faith.

Defining a corporation with such information as the corporate name, the number and type of authorized shares of stock, identification of the purpose and the agent, is done through the: a. charter. b. articles of incorporation. c. certificate of organization. d. All of the above. All of these terms are used to identify the same document.

Corporate stock can be divided into categories called ________, which can be further divided into ________. a. authorized shares, classes. b. classes, series. c. equity, assets. d. debentures, classes.

Once a provision is in the corporate charter, it can only be changed by: a. a vote of the shareholders. b. filing an amendment with the Secretary of State. c. Both of the above are necessary to change a corporate charter. d. Neither a nor b is necessary to change a corporate charter. The board of directors merely needs to file a change of charter form.

Incorporation protects: a. shareholders against personal liability for the debts of the company. b. anyone involved in management of the business against personal liability for wrongdoing. c. the public from wrongdoing by either the shareholders or the management of the corporation. d. All the above are correct.

Mike is planning on incorporating his business in the state of Delaware. The corporate name of Mike's business must be different from: a. that of any corporation that already exists in Delaware. b. that of any limited liability company in Delaware. c. the name of any sole proprietorship in Delaware. d. all of the above.

Fashions, Inc. has 12 shareholders. There is no shareholder agreement concerning the board of directors. The company is subject to the Model Act. How many directors is Fashions, Inc. required to have? a. None. b. One. c. Two. d. Five.

Fashions, Inc. has 12 shareholders. The company is subject to the Model Act. What officers is Fashions, Inc. required to have? a. A president, secretary, and treasurer. b. A president and a secretary, and they can be the same person. c. A president, at least one vice-president, a secretary, and a chief financial officer. d. Whatever officers are described in the corporate bylaws.

The officers of a corporation are: a. chosen by the board of directors. b. appointed by the president of the company. c. elected by shareholders. d. appointed by the Secretary of State.

Under most state statutes, a corporation may: a. include in its charter a provision indemnifying directors unless they have engaged in intentional misconduct or bad faith. b. include in its charter a provision indemnifying directors under any circumstances in the conduct of their duties for the corporation. c. not include in its charter a provision indemnifying directors who engage in negligent conduct of their duties. d. not include in its charter any provisions regarding indemnification of directors.

Which of the following statements is correct? a. Bonds are long-term debt secured by company assets. b. Debentures are long-term unsecured debt. c. Notes are short-term debt and may be secured or unsecured. d. All the above are correct.

MegaCorp is incorporated under Delaware law. It is registered to do business in New York. Legally, in New York MegaCorp is known as what kind of corporation? a. Domestic. b. Foreign. c. Alien. d. Cumulative.

MegaCorp occasionally sells products in Michigan. It does not have an office in that state and does not advertise in Michigan. The company's marketing representatives are based in New York but do travel to Michigan once a year to attend a trade show. Which statement is correct? a. MegaCorp must register in Michigan because its sales representatives attend a trade show in Michigan. b. MegaCorp is not required to register in Michigan because it does not have an ongoing presence in Michigan. c. MegaCorp must register in Michigan because its actions qualify as doing business. d. Whether MegaCorp has to register in Michigan depends on where its shareholders reside.

MegaCorp is incorporated in the state of Delaware and is registered only in Delaware. Jolene purchased a MegaCorp product from a company's sales representative following a presentation in Michigan. Jolene was seriously injured by the product in Michigan. Under the Model Act, if Jolene sues in Michigan, can MegaCorp defend the suit there? a. MegaCorp may only defend against a lawsuit in Michigan if it first registers by paying back fees, taxes, and penalties. b. Yes, MegaCorp can bring or defend against a lawsuit in any state regardless of whether the corporation is registered to business in that state. c. Yes, MegaCorp can defend against a lawsuit in Michigan regardless of whether MegaCorp is registered to do business in that state. d. No. Jolene must sue and MegaCorp may defend a lawsuit only in Delaware.

What is meant by the term "piercing the corporate veil"? a. Corporate directors and/or officers may be held personally liable to a person damaged by an act of the corporation. b. Corporate shareholders may be held personally liable to a person damaged by an act of the corporation. c. Both of the above. d. None of the above.

The executives of Jornaginn Corporation have decided they need to sell 50,000 additional shares of stock to finance their plans. The executives: a. cannot sell that many shares unless they were authorized initially in the corporate charter. b. can sell as many shares as the market will bear. c. are limited by the number of shares authorized in the corporate charter, but this number can be increased by amending the charter and paying a fee. d. can sell the shares only if the shares have a par value which is close to the current market price.

Wizardry Corporation's purpose clause in its charter states, "To operate a home-cleaning service business." After a few years of successful operation, Wizardry is offered the challenge of landscaping a neighboring business. If Wizardry accepts the offer, it would be violating its charter under: a. the de jure doctrine. b. the de facto doctrine. c. the ultra vires doctrine. d. an estoppel theory.