Business Ethics Chapters 1-3 – Flashcards
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Study of Ethics
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the study of how we try to live our lives according to a standard of "right" or "wrong" behavior--in both how we think and behave toward others and how we would like them to think and behave toward us.
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Society
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a structured community of people bound together by similar traditions and customs
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Value System
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A set of personal principles formalized into a code of behavior
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Intrinsic Value
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The quality by which a value is a good thing in itself and is pursued for its own sake, whether anything comes from that pursuit of not For example: health, happiness, self-respect
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Sources of moral standards
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-Friends -Family -Ethnic background -Religion -School -The media -Personal role models and mentors
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Instrumental Value
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The quality by which the pursuit of one value is a good way to reach another value. For example: the pursuit of money
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Four Basic Categories of Ethics
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1. Simple Truth - Right vs. wrong 2. Someone's personal character 3. Rules of appropriate individual behavior 4. Rules of appropriate behavior for a community or society
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"Doing the Right Thing"
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Simple truth
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Personal Integrity
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Ethics seen from an internal viewpoint For example: Superman has a lot of character and personal integrity
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Rules of Appropriate Individual Behavior
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An individual's value system used to solve everyday problems and decisions
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Rules of Appropriate Behavior for a community or society
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Beliefs about how an individual should function in a society filled with people of differing values
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Golden Rule
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"Do unto others as you would have them do unto you", or "treat others as you would like to be treated" Paraphrase of Matthew 7:12
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Virtue Ethics
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A concept of living your life according to a commitment to the achievement of a clear ideal--what sort of person would I like to become, and how do I go about becoming that person?
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Utilitarianism
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Ethical choices that offer the greatest good for the greatest number of people
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Universal Ethics
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Actions that are taken out of duty and obligation to a purely moral ideal rather than based on the needs of a situation, since the universal principles are seen to apply to everyone, everywhere, all the time
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Ethical Relativism
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Concept that the traditions of your society, your personal opinions, and the circumstances of the present moment define your ethical principles
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Study of Applied Ethics
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the study of how ethical theories are put into practice
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Ethical Dilemmas
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A situation in which there is no obvious right or wrong decision, but rather a right or right answer
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3 Steps to Solving Ethical Dilemmas
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1. Analyze the consequences 2. Analyze the actions. 3. Make a decision.
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Arthur Dorbin's 8 Steps of Solving Ethical Dilemmas
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1. What are the facts? 2. What can you guess about the facts you don't know? 3. What do the facts mean? 4. What does the problem look like to the eyes of the people involved? 5. What will happen if you choose one thing rather than another? 6. What do your feelings tell you? 7. What will you think of yourself if you decide one thing or another? 8. Can you explain and justify your decision to others?
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Ethical Reasoning
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Attempting to resolve an ethical dilemma
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Lawrence Kohlberg's Stages of Ethical Reasoning: What are the first three levels?
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Preconventional, conventional, and postconventional
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Two stages in the Preconventional level
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1. Obedience and Punishment 2. Individualism, instrumentalism, and exchange
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Two stages in the Conventional level
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3. "Good boy/nice girl" 4. Law and order
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Two stages in the Postconventional level
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5. Social contract 6. Principled conscience
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Two stages in the Postconventional level
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5. Social contract 6. Principled conscience
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Two stages in the Postconventional level
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5. Social contract 6. Principled conscience
