Business and Professional Speech – Final Exam – Flashcards
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Brainstorming
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a method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas
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Audience Analysis
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The understanding of the consumer group for which the design is targeted. This would include the audiences, demographics, physical location, amount of time available to view the design, and interest in the subject matter.
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Informative Speaking
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publicly addressing others to increase their knowledge, understanding, or skills
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Persuasive Speaking
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public speech that aims to influence listeners' beliefs, attitudes, and actions
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Sympathy vs. Empathy
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Sympathy - You feel bad when something bad happens to someone else. Empathy - You feel the same feelings as that person, because you can relate to them.
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4 Modes of Speech Delivery
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Impromptu Extemporaneous Manuscript Memorized
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Ethnocentrism
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tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups
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Rhetorical Questions
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a question that doesn't invite an actual response but just makes the audience think
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Outlining
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involves indenting each level of supporting details under the preceding heading, subheading, or detail.
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Purpose Statement
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a declaration of the specific goal for a speech.
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Denotative Language
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the literal (actual) meaning of a word. (Dictionary Definition)
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Connotative Language
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words which have an implied meaning, emphasizing feelings or subjectivity that surrounds the word
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Assertiveness
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expressing one's opinions forcefully without offending others
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Aggressiveness
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a feeling of hostility that arouses thoughts of attack
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Communication Apprehension
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Fear or anxiety associated with real or anticipated communication with others.
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Support Material
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facts, anecdotes, examples, quoted
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Styles of Leadership
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Authoritarian, Democratic, Laissez-Faire
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Visual Aids
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graphic devices used in a speech to illustrate or support ideas
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Hypothetical Story
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs
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A theory that arranges human needs in order of their priority with lower-level needs being met before higher needs can be recognized and fulfilled. 1. Self-Actualization. 2. Esteem needs. 3. Love needs. 4. Safety needs. 5. Pyschiological Needs.
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Jargon
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vocabulary distinctive to a particular group of people
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Communication Model
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1. Sender has idea 2. Sender encodes idea in message 3. Message travels over channel 4. Receiver decodes message 5. Feedback travels to sender 6. Possible additional feedback to receiver
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Encode/Decode/Channels
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Inclusive Language
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- Including everyone to be politically correct - language that does not stereotype, demean, or patronize people on the basis of gender, race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or other factors
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Types of Non-Verbal Communication
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Symbolic Communication
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Four Orientations to Work
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Feedback/Feedforward
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Conflict Management Strategies
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Types of Listening
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Four Components of Listening
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Listening vs. Hearing
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Formal/Informal Communication
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Johari Window
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A model used to understand the process of self-disclosure consisting of a square with four panels that provide a pictorial representation of how "known" we are to ourselves and other. The four windows are... Open - everyone knows Blind - others know, but you don't know about yourself Hidden - you know, but hide from others Unknown - nobody knows
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Perceptions
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attitudes and points of view resulting from a person's particular cultural-historical, philosophical, ideological, or religious preconceptions
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Approaches to Leadership
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Self-Concept
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All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?"
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Noise
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Anything that interferes with, distorts, or slows down the transmission of information.
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Persuasive Speaking
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A public speech that aims to influence listeners' beliefs, attitudes, and actions.
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Credibility
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The quality of being believable or trustworthy
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Balance/Imbalance
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Paraphrasing
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Re-writing or restating another person's ideas or thoughts into your own words
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Question of Fact/Value/Policy
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Evidence/Proof
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Supporting materials used to prove or disprove something
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Small Group Characteristics
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Group Think
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Primacy/Recency Effect
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The tendency to show greater memory for information that comes first or last in a sequence.
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Organization Patterns
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Ethos
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- Ethics - The appeal of a text to the credibility and character of the speaker, writer, or narrator
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Pathos
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Emotional appeal
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Logos
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Logical appeal
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Consonance
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harmony; agreement
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Dissonance
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a conflict of people's opinions or actions or characters
