Bus 305 Chapter 11 – Flashcards

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Thorough testing is not required if, during the programming stage, the design documents are sufficiently detailed.
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FALSE
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Documentation reveals how well the system has met its original objectives.
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FALSE
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The system is not in production until conversion is complete.
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TRUE
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Failure to address properly the organizational changes surrounding the introduction of a new system can cause the demise of an otherwise good system.
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TRUE
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The oldest method for building information systems is prototyping.
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FALSE
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Prototyping is more iterative than the conventional lifecycle.
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TRUE
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One problem with prototyping is that the systems constructed thereby may not be able to handle large quantities of data in a production environment.
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TRUE
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End-user-developed systems can be completed more rapidly than those developed through the conventional programming tools.
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TRUE
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An advantage of fourth-generation tools is that they can easily handle processing large numbers of transactions or applications with extensive procedural logic and updating requirements.
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FALSE
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In one form of outsourcing, a company hires an external vendor to create the software for its system, but operates the software on its own computers.
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TRUE
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It is important for all systems development activities to place in sequential order.
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FALSE
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Object-oriented development is more iterative and incremental than traditional structured development.
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TRUE
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Objects are grouped into hierarchies, and hierarchies into classes.
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FALSE
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14) Businesses can use component-based development to create their e-commerce applications.
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TRUE
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CASE tools facilitate the creation of clear documentation and the coordination of team development efforts.
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TRUE
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More timely information is a tangible benefit of information systems.
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FALSE
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An information systems plan shows how specific information systems fit into a company's overall business plan and business strategy.
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TRUE
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User concerns and designer concerns are usually the same at the beginning of the project.
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FALSE
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Communication problems between end users and designers are a major reason why users are so frequently driven out of the implementation process.
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TRUE
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End users should not be included in the design process, but must be involved later.
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FALSE
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What was the primary problem facing the Girl Scouts regarding their supply chain problems? A) Ordering process was inefficient for a large volume of orders B) High error rates in ordering and fulfillment C) Required too much time of volunteers D) Paper-based system was outdated
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A) Ordering process was inefficient for a large volume of orders
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Order the following steps in the systems development process in the correct sequence. A) Systems analysis, systems design, hardware and software acquisition, testing, training and documentation, conversion, production, and maintenance B) Systems analysis, systems design, hardware and software acquisition, training and documentation, conversion, testing, production, and maintenance C) Systems analysis, systems design, hardware and software acquisition, testing, training and documentation, production, conversion, and maintenance D) Systems design, hardware and software acquisition, testing, training and documentation, conversion, production, maintenance, and systems analysis
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A) Systems analysis, systems design, hardware and software acquisition, testing, training and documentation, conversion, production, and maintenance
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23) Which of the following is not part of the implementation process? A) Evaluating the system B) Testing C) Systems analysis D) Creating detailed design specifications
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B) Requirements analysis
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Which process develops a detailed description of the functions that a new information system must perform? A) Feasibility study B) Requirements analysis C) Systems design D) Test plan development
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B) Requirements analysis
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Developing an information system has been compared to the problem-solving process. Which one of the following problem-solving steps is not a part of systems analysis? A) Implement the solution B) Choose the best solution C) Develop alternative solutions D) Define and understand the problem
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A) Implement the solution
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The entire system-building effort is driven by: A) organizational change. B) feasibility studies. D) user information requirements.
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D) user information requirements.
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Systems design: A) identifies the system's information requirements. B) specifies how the new system will fulfill the information requirements. C) identifies alternate solutions for solving the problem. D) defines the problem and specifies its causes.
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B) specifies how the new system will fulfill the information requirements.
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Determining methods for feedback and error handling would be defined by which system design specification category? A) Training and documentation B) User interface C) Manual procedures D) Security and controls
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B) User interface
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Transferring transaction data from a legacy system to the new system would be defined by which system design specification category? A) Input B) Database C) Manual procedures D) Conversion
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D) Conversion
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30) System design specifications that address database issues will include specifications for: A) volume and speed requirements. B) data entry. C) input, processing, and output controls. D) program logic and computations.
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A) volume and speed requirements.
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System design specifications that address input issues will include specifications for: A) training modules and platforms. B) flow and data entry. C) input, processing, and output controls. D) medium and content.
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B) flow and data entry.
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Unit testing: A) includes all the preparations for the series of tests to be performed on the system. B) tests the functioning of the system as a whole in order to determine if discrete modules will function together as planned. C) tests each individual program separately. D) provides the final certification that the system is ready to be used in a production setting.
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C) tests each individual program separately.
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System testing: A) includes all the preparations for the series of tests to be performed on the system. B) tests the functioning of the system as a whole in order to determine if discrete modules will function together as planned. C) tests each program separately. D) provides the final certification that the system is ready to be used in a production setting.
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B) tests the functioning of the system as a whole in order to determine if discrete modules will function together as planned.
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Acceptance testing: A) includes all the preparations for the trials. B) tests the functioning of the system as a whole in order to determine if discrete modules will function together as planned. C) tests each program separately. D) provides the final certification that the system is ready to be used in a production setting.
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D) provides the final certification that the system is ready to be used in a production setting.
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In a parallel conversion strategy, the new system: A) is tested by an outsourced company. B) replaces the old one at an appointed time. C) and the old are run together. D) is introduced in stages.
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C) and the old are run together.
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In a direct cutover conversion strategy, the new system: A) is tested by an outsourced company. B) replaces the old one at an appointed time. C) and the old are run together D) is introduced in stages.
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B) replaces the old one at an appointed time.
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The Girl Scouts' conversion strategy of first introducing the modules for ordering cookies and then introducing the modules for transmitting orders and instructions to the cookie factory and shipper is called a(n) ________ strategy. A) phased approach B) direct cutover C) indirect cutover D) incremental conversion
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A) phased approach
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Changes in hardware, software, documentation, or production to a production system to correct errors, meet new requirements, or improve processing efficiencies are termed A) compliance. B) production. C) maintenance. D) acceptance.
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C) maintenance.
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The oldest method for building information systems is: A) component-based development. B) prototyping C) object-oriented development. D) the systems development lifecycle.
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D) the systems development lifecycle.
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In the traditional systems development lifecycle, end users: A) are important and ongoing members of the team from the original analysis phase through maintenance. B) are important only in the testing phases. C) have no input. D) are limited to providing information requirements and reviewing the technical staff's work.
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D) are limited to providing information requirements and reviewing the technical staff's work.
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As a technical project manager you have decided to propose implementing a prototyping methodology for a small Web-based design project. What is the order of steps you will follow in this project? A) Develop the prototype; use the prototype; revise and enhance the prototype B) Identify user requirements, develop the prototype, use the prototype, revise and enhance the prototype C) Define the requirements, develop solutions, select the best prototype, and implement the prototype D) Define the requirements, develop the prototype, revise and enhance the prototype
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B) Identify user requirements, develop the prototype, use the prototype, revise and enhance the prototype
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When systems are created rapidly, without a formal development methodology: A) end users can take over the work of IT specialists. B) the organization quickly outgrows the new system. C) hardware, software, and quality standards are less important. D) testing and documentation may be inadequate.
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D) testing and documentation may be inadequate.
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Fourth-generation tools cannot replace conventional development tools because they: A) cannot handle large numbers of transactions or extensive procedural logic. B) are not designed to integrate with legacy systems. C) do not incorporate methods for documentation.
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A) cannot handle large numbers of transactions or extensive procedural logic.
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Management can control the development of end-user applications in part by: A) developing a formal development methodology. B) requiring cost justification for end-user IS projects. C) establishing standards for project requirements. D) requiring Gantt charts
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C) establishing standards for project requirements.
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If an organization's requirements conflict with the software package chosen and the package cannot be customized, the organization will have to:
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A) change its procedures
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"Hidden costs" such as ________ costs can easily undercut anticipated benefits from outsourcing.
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A) vendor selection
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The process of creating workable information systems in a very short period of time is called:
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A) RAD.
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This type of systems development is characterized by significantly speeding up the design phase and the generation of information requirements and involving users at an intense level.
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B) JAD
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The term structured, when discussing structured methodologies, refers to the fact that:
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C) the techniques are step by step, with each step building on the previous one.
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The primary tool for representing a system's component processes and the flow of data between them is the:
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D) data flow diagram
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You are an IT project manager for an advertising firm. The firm wishes to create an online survey tool that will be used to survey focus group reactions to products in development. The most important consideration for the firm is being able to offer the tool as soon as possible as a new corporate service. However, you know that many of the senior managers that are business owners of this project have difficulty in understanding technical or software development issues, and are likely to change their requirements during the course of development. What development method would be most successful for this project?
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D) Prototyping
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To show each level of a system's design, its relationship to other levels, and its place in the overall design structure, structured methodologies use:
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A) structure charts.
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An entire information system is broken down into its main subsystems by using:
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A) high-level data flow diagrams.
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In an object-oriented development framework for a university, how would the classes Degree, Mathematics, and Physics be related?
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B) Degree is a superclass to Mathematics and Physics.
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Object-oriented modeling is based on the concepts of:
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C) class and inheritance.
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Object-oriented development could potentially reduce the time and cost of writing software because:.
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C) objects are reusable.
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Groups of objects are assembled into software components for common functions, which can be combined into large-scale business applications, in which type of software development?
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B) Component-based development
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Compared to the use of proprietary components, Web services promise to be less expensive and less difficult to implement because of:
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B) the use of universal standards.
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________ provides software tools to automate development methodologies and reduce the amount of repetitive work in systems development.
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A) CASE
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________ refers to the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to achieve specific targets within specified budget and time constraints.
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C) Project management
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The worth of systems from a financial perspective essentially revolves around the question of:
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D) return on invested capital.
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________ are tangible benefits of information systems.
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B) Reduced workforce, lower outside vendor costs, and increased productivity
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________ are intangible benefits of information systems.
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A) Improved asset utilization, increased organizational learning, and improved operations
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Which process is used to develop risk profiles for a firm's information system projects and assets?
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C) Portfolio analysis
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You have been hired by a pharmaceutical company to evaluate its portfolio of systems and IT projects. Which types of projects would be best avoided?
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C) High-risk, low benefit projects
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A business document indicating the direction of systems development, the rationale, the current systems, new developments to consider, the management strategy, the implementation plan, and the budget is called a(n):
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C) information systems plan.
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The project risk will rise if the project team and the IS staff lack:
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C) the required technical expertise.
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Users prefer systems that:
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A) are oriented to facilitating organizational tasks and solving business problems.
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A ________ shows each task as a horizontal bar whose length is proportional to the time required to complete it.
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D) Gantt chart
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Which of the following tools may help identify risk areas associated with employee acceptance of a new information system?
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B) Organizational impact analysis
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A systems analysis includes a(n) ________ study that is used to determine whether the solution is achievable, from a financial, technical, and organizational standpoint.
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Answer: feasibility
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A(n) ________ includes all the preparations for the series of tests to be performed on the system.
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Answer: test plan
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________ is the process of changing from the old system to the new system.
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Answer: Conversion
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A(n) ________ is the preliminary working version of an information system.
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Answer: prototype
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A(n) ________ is a detailed list of questions submitted to external vendors to determine how well they meet the organization's specific requirements.
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Answer: Request for Proposal/RFP
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________ is the modification of a software package to meet the organization's unique requirements without destroying the package software's integrity.
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Answer: Customization
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_______ describe the transformation occurring within the lowest level of the data flow diagrams. They express the logic of each process.
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Answer: Process specifications
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________ benefits are those than can be quantified and assigned a monetary value.
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Answer: Tangible
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A(n) ________ is a method for deciding among alternative systems based on a system of ratings for selected objectives.
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Answer: scoring model
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________ is the interaction of people and machines in the work environment, including the design of jobs, health issues, and the end-user interface of information systems.
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Answer: Ergonomics
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